Coping styles were

assessed with a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire SVF78) measuring the individual coping style pattern in response to stressful situations. We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the insertion/Deletion (I/D)-polymorphism in the ACE gene region and investigated their associations I BET 762 with coping styles. In healthy subjects, the highest association was observed between rs8066276, an intronic SNP of the ACE gene, and the coping factor Distraction. A further intronic SNP rs4305, not in linkage disequilibrium with rs8066276, showed an association with Devaluation/Defense. All associated copying styles can be categorized as potentially stress reducing factors (positive coping). Both SNPs were also found to be associated with positive coping styles in the patient selleck chemicals sample; rs8066276 was associated with Devaluation/Defense and rs4305 showed associations with Control. These results suggest that

the ACE gene is involved in the development of coping strategies. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Drug information (DI) services is an essential resource for pharmacists to provide counseling to patients and guide appropriate medication use. We devised a DI practical training course that incorporated an inquiry-based practical training program and evaluated its effectiveness. A total of 91 fifth-year students in Pharmaceutical Sciences at Fukuoka University took part in the following DI sessions based on specificbehavioral objectives (SBOs) for DI in the Model Core Curriculum for Practical Training: inquiry practice, simulated Ro 61-8048 cell line pharmacy and therapeutics committee, DI newsletter, use of emergency and safety information, off-label use in clinical trials, PRE-AVOID (Be prepared to avoid the adverse drug reactions), adverse drug reactions, and small group discussions about drug poisoning. The level of understanding of the SBOs for DI training was >4.2 for each item assessed, and the level of satisfaction for each practice was >3.9.

This DI practical training successfully facilitated students’ ability to provide DI. The number of students interested in DI services significantly increased (p<0.01). After the DI practical training, many students made statements such as “I realized that DI services is a very important job” and “I feel that pharmacists have much to contribute to DI services by evaluating the most appropriate information from a pharmacist’s standpoint.” It appears that students recognized the pharmacist’s role and importance of DI services in clinical practice through the DI training. These results suggest that this DI practical training program was effective.”
“Fetal cardiac function is increasingly recognized as a marker of disease severity and prognosis in selected fetal conditions.