05) both in vitro and in vivo. Figure 5 Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax as detected by immunohistochemistry. Detection of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax showed that ChA21 therapy could upregulate the expression of Bax and downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 in vitro and in vivo. Figure 6 The MOD values on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. MOD values of Bax in ChA21 treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while MOD values of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were lower (P < 0.05) both in vitro and in vivo. (magnification: in vitro × 400; in vivo × 200). Discussion www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html In recent years, a number of monoclonal antibodies

(MAb) have been developed against HER-2 ECD, such as 4D5 (Herceptin, trastuzumab) and 2C4 (Pertuzumab) [10, 23]. Herceptin is a humanized recombinant MAb that

was first approved by the U.S. FDA for use in HER-2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer. Current studies show that it appears to be a candidate as a treatment modality for HER-2 over-expressing ovarian cancer as well Obeticholic Acid chemical structure [24]. However, more studies in clinical application showed that there is an increased incidence of serious cardiac events, particularly when Herceptin was administered in combination with anthracyclines [25, 26], and pulmonary complications also had been reported [27]. Patients who have had a significant therapeutic effect for a time by Herceptin treatment started to appear the drug resistant [28, 29]. Moreover, according to the surveyed data about the clinical therapeutic effect of Herceptin, the therapeutic effective rate of Herceptin treated alone to

patients with HER-2 over-expressed only reached 12-14% [30]. These results urge people to conduct more researches, regarding the mechanism of antibodies curing the neoplasms, and develop novel humanized recombinant MAb for HER-2. Therefore, three strains of murine MAb A18, A21, and A22, which direct against HER-2 ECD were developed, and MAb A21 was found to specifically inhibit the growth of HER-2 over-expressing cells [20]. To reduce the potential for generating a human anti-mouse immune response, Murine MAb A21 was humanized Digestive enzyme to develop an anti-HER-2 engineering antidbody, ChA21 [16, 17]. In previous study, we constructed a molecular model of Ag-Ab complex based on the crystal structures of the ChA21 scFv and HER-2 ECD [18]. Unlike Herceptin that binds to subdomain IV, ChA21 recognizes epitopes that are mainly located in subdomain I. It is possible, that anti-HER-2 antibodies targeting distinct epitopes have different biological functions on cancer cells with different mechanisms [31]. Thus, in the present study, we confirmed that ChA21 binding to subdomain I could inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of HER-2 over-expressing human ovarian cancer cells SK-OV-3 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that in vitro, the cell growth was significantly inhibited by ChA21 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.