, 2011; Hupbach et al., 2007; Schwabe and Wolf, 2009) and during (Kuhl et al., 2011) new encoding has typically been linked to increased susceptibility to interference. For example, reactivation of memories prior to encoding of overlapping events has been associated with increased forgetting of reactivated memories (Diekelmann et al., 2011). However, one recent report demonstrated that reactivation of reward contexts associated with prior experiences during encoding of related events tracked the retention of originally learned information (Kuhl et al., 2010), providing speculative evidence that memory reactivation plays a role in reducing forgetting. The present data fundamentally

extend this work by demonstrating an alternate adaptive function of reactivation that supports memory integration and successful inference. Moreover, the current study provides evidence for the role of anterior Neratinib chemical structure MTL cortex in the reactivation Trametinib ic50 of prior event details during related experiences. Existing rodent (Ji and Wilson, 2007; Karlsson and Frank, 2009) and human (Kuhl et al., 2010) research

has primarily linked memory reactivation with hippocampal responses. In the present study, activation changes in anterior MTL cortex, but not hippocampus, correlated with the degree of overlapping memory reactivation across participants. We propose that hippocampus drives memory reactivation within ventral temporal regions through Peroxiredoxin 1 interactions with anterior MTL cortex. Anatomical evidence reveals that information from content-sensitive ventral temporal regions reaches the hippocampus primarily through inputs from entorhinal cortex, which, in turn, receives visual information from perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices (Suzuki and Amaral, 1994; Witter and Amaral, 1991). The output of hippocampal processing reaches ventral temporal regions through reciprocal pathways. This anatomical connectivity suggests that reactivation

of prior experience within hippocampus would first impact anterior MTL cortex responses, which, in turn, would influence processing in ventral temporal cortex. Thus, reactivation within ventral temporal cortex may be more closely coupled with anterior MTL cortex responses than with hippocampal activation. In the present study, changes in encoding activation within hippocampus were correlated with activation changes in anterior MTL cortex across participants (r = 0.46, p = 0.02), consistent with the idea of an indirect hippocampal influence on reactivation through anterior MTL cortex. As a second step in retrieval-mediated learning, the hippocampus would then bind reactivated memory content with the current event. Therefore, while anterior MTL cortex would track the degree of reactivation, it would be hippocampal responses that determine subsequent inference success. Future high-resolution fMRI studies of MTL function that utilize multivariate measures (Diana et al., 2008; Liang et al.