2.2 Hepatitis

B). 2B 4.2 We recommend patients presenting with an AIDS-defining infection, or with a serious bacterial infection and a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL, start ART within 2 weeks of initiation of specific antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1B 4.3 We recommend patients presenting with primary HIV infection (PHI) and meeting any one of the following criteria start ART:   • Neurological involvement. 1D • Any AIDS-defining illness. 1A • Confirmed CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL. 1C 4.4 We recommend the evidence that treatment with ART lowers the risk of transmission is discussed with all patients, and an assessment of the current risk of transmission to others is made at the time of this discussion. GPP   We recommend following discussion, if a patient with a CD4 cell INK 128 manufacturer count >350 cells/μL wishes to start ART to reduce the risk of transmission selleckchem to partners, this decision is respected and ART is started. GPP a Abacavir is contraindicated if HLA-B*57:01 positive. 5.3 We recommend therapy-naïve patients start combination ART containing tenofovir (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) as the NRTI backbone. 1A   We suggest abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine

(3TC) is an acceptable alternative NRTI backbone in therapy-naïve patients who, before starting ART, have baseline viral load (VL) of ≤100 000 copies/mL. 2A   ABC must not be used in patients who are HLA-B*57:01 positive. 1A 5.4 We recommend therapy-naïve patients start combination ART containing one of the following as the third agent: atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), efavirenz (EFV) or raltegravir (RAL). mafosfamide 1A   We suggest that in therapy-naïve patients lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and fosamprenavir/ritonavir (FPV/r) are acceptable alternative PIs, and nevirapine (NVP) and rilpivirine

(RPV) are acceptable alternative NNRTIs. 2A 5.5 We recommend against the use of PI monotherapy as initial therapy for treatment-naïve patients. 1C   We recommend against the use of PI-based dual ART with a single NRTI, NNRTI, C–C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) receptor antagonist or INI as initial therapy for treatment-naïve patients. 1C 6.1.1 We recommend adherence and potential barriers to it are assessed and discussed with the patient whenever ART is prescribed or dispensed. GPP   We recommend adherence support should address both perceptual barriers (e.g. beliefs and preferences) and/or practical barriers (e.g. limitations in capacity and resources) to adherence. GPP 6.2.1 We recommend that potential adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between ARV drugs and other concomitant medications are checked before administration (with tools such as http://www.hiv-druginteractions.org). GPP 6.2.2 We recommend against the unselected use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). GPP 6.2.