acrD ( acrD under control of P lac ) and pBlueKS.acrD-ext ( acrD under control of P lac and its native promoter P acrD ) and acrB mutant complemented with control plasmid pBlueSK.acrD ( acrD in opposite orientation to P lac ) Drug MIC (μg/ml) a   Ea1189 Ea1189.acrD Ea1189-3 (pBlueSK.acrD) Ea1189-3 (pBlueKS.acrD) Ea1189-3 (pBlueKS.acrD-ext)       P lac   < < acrD P lac > >  acrD P lac , P acrD > >  acrD Antimicrobials           Benzalkonium chloride 12.5 12.5 1.2 1.2 ND Chloramphenicol 3.1 ND 1.2 1.2 1.2 Clotrimazole > 1000 > 1000 6.2 12.5 25 Fusaric

acid 500 500 500 500 500 Fusidic acid 250 250 3.1 6.2 25 Genistein > 5000 > 5000 62.5 62.5 62.5 Josamycin 125 125 3.1 3.1 3.1 Luteolin > 5000 > 5000 15.63 15.6 125 Naladixic acid 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 Naringenin 5000 5000 312 312 312 Nitrofurantoin 25 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Norfloxacin 0.63 0.63 0.03 0.03 0.03 Novobiocin 250 250 6.2 25 100 Phloretin 5000 5000 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor 625 625 625 Rifampicin 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Tetracycline C188-9 solubility dmso 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 Aminoglycosides           Amikacin 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Gentamicin 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Hygromycin B 100 100 62.5 125 125 Streptomycin 2.5

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Tobramycin 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Macrolids           Azithromycin 0.31 0.31 0.63 0.63 0.63 Clarithromycin 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Erythromycin 0.63 0.31 0.16 0.16 0.16 Roxithromycin 1.25 1.25 0.16 0.16 0.16 Heavy metals           Cadmium acetate 12.5 12.5 25 50 50 Cobalt (II) chloride 625 625 1250 1250 1250 Copper (II) sulfate 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 Nickel (II) chloride 1250 1250 2500 2500 2500 Silver nitrate 12.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Sodium tungstate 125000 62500 125000 125000 125000 Zinc sulfate 156 156 156 312 312 Dyes           Acriflavine 50 50 Uroporphyrinogen III synthase 6.2 6.2 6.2 Crystal violet 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 Ethidium Pitavastatin datasheet bromide 250 250 3.1 3.1 6.2 Rhodamine 6G > 100 > 100 3.1 3.1 3.1 Detergents           Bile salt 5000 5000 625 1250 5000 Deoxycholate > 1000 > 1000 312 1250 2500 SDS > 1000 > 1000 62.5 125 125 a MIC values were determined by the 2-fold dilution assay in three or more independent experiments with similar results. Boldface numbers indicate a higher or lower MIC.

ND, not determined. Expression of acrD in an acrB-deficient mutant of E. amylovora To investigate the substrate specificity of AcrD from Ea1189, overexpression of the corresponding gene from a high-copy plasmid was achieved in E. amylovora mutant Ea1189-3, which is hypersensitive to many drugs due to a deficiency of the major multidrug efflux pump AcrB [16]. Three overexpression plasmids were generated: pBlueKS.acrD, expressing acrD under control of the lac promoter (Plac), pBlueSK.acrD-ext, expressing acrD under control of its native promoter (PacrD) and pBlueKS.acrD-ext, expressing acrD under control of both promoters Plac and PacrD.