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“Multiscale simulations using the two-dimensional NCT-501 in vivo quasicontinuum method

are performed to understand the nature of strengthening and weakening effect of Cu/Ag interface on nanoindentation at zero temperature. The investigation shows that the upper Cu film strengthens distinctly the lower Ag substrate. The nucleation and emission for first dislocation in Cu film is postponed obviously due to the effect of interface. Combined with the dislocation theory, a dislocation model of the interaction between the nucleated dislocation and the misfit dislocation is introduced to systematically evaluate the strengthening and weakening effects of interface on the Cu/Ag bilayer film system. It is found that the strengthening effect of interface on nanoindentation is governed by the resistance to the nucleated dislocation transmission, such as image force, lattice friction, and the repulsive force of the misfit dislocation. The bigger resistance will lead to the stronger strengthening effect. The weakening effect is mainly produced by the stress concentration and local misfit strain in the core region of the misfit dislocations due to the nucleation and propagation of misfit dislocations along the interface. The multiscale simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results and dislocation theory model. (C) 2010 American Institute

of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3452350]“
“Objective. The accuracies of intraoral radiography (IOR), multidetector helical computerized Barasertib research buy tomography (MDHCT) at slice thicknesses 0.63 mm and 1.25 mm, and limited cone-beam computerized tomography (LCBCT) were compared for

detection of horizontal tooth root fracture.

Study design. In 7 beagle dogs, 28 maxillary anterior teeth were used, of which 13 had artificially induced horizontal root fracture. The specimens were examined by the above-mentioned 4 modalities. Diagnosis of root fracture was based on direct visualization of radiolucent line ABT-263 inhibitor in each image by 6 radiologists.

Results. Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy (true positives + true negatives) for detecting fracture lines in LCBCT (0.96 +/- 0.04, 0.97 +/- 0.03, 0.93 +/- 0.04, respectively) were significantly higher than MDHCT at 0.63 mm (0.76 +/- 0.09, 0.8 +/- 0.05, 0.8 +/- 0.05, respectively), MDHCT at 1.25 mm (0.49 +/- 0.09, 0.66 +/- 0.04, 0.69 +/- 0.05, respectively), and IOR (0.51 +/- 0.18, 0.67 +/- 0.08, 0.69 +/- 0.08, respectively). Specificity and positive predictive value showed no significant intermethod difference among the 4 modalities.

Conclusion. Limited cone-beam CT is more useful than the other 3 radiographic modalities for diagnostic imaging of horizontal tooth root fracture. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:e70-e74)”
“Background: Recent studies suggest that large (>1 cm) diameter circular cutaneous wounds induce follicular neogenesis in mice.