Following centrifugation, bacterial cells were re-suspended in saline containing 10 μg mL−1 lysozyme, 1%Triton X-100 or 0.1 and 1% SDS. Suspensions were incubated for

an additional 4 min at 37 °C and cell lysis was measured as a decrease in optical density at 405 nm. Results were expressed as the percentage of controls. Strong lysis is thus indicated by a low percentage of OD405. Polymyxin B (100 μg mL−1) was used as a positive control. Culture overnight was adjusted in saline selleck chemicals to an absorbance of 0.3 at 625 nm. Aliquots were exposed to EuCl-OFX (drug concentration range from 8 to 512 μg mL−1), ofloxacin, EuCl or saline alone (control). The mixtures were incubated at 37 °C and samples taken after 1, 3, 6 and 24 h. Aliquots were centrifuged (3200 g for click here 2 min) and washed with saline. DiBAC4 was dissolved in 70% ethanol (1 mg mL−1) and further diluted in deionized water (5 μg mL−1). Twenty microlitres were added to 180-μL aliquots of the recovering cultures (final dye concentration 0.5 μg mL−1). After 5 min in the dark at room temperature, mixtures were acquired on a BD FACS Canto II (BD Biosciences, CA) equipped with a 488-nm argon-ion laser. Forward-scatter (FSC-A), side-scatter (SSC-A) and fluorescence signals were collected in logarithmic scale. At least 10 000 events were recorded for each sample, and all experiments were conducted in duplicate on separate days. Aliquots of cultures exposed 24 h to EuCl-OFX, ofloxacin and

EuCl were streaked on solid culture medium and incubated overnight. Ofloxacin-containing Eudragit

aqueous dispersions are physically stable, possess a positive electrokinetic potential (24 mV) and pH values ranged 6.2–6.4. Figure 1a–e shows the bactericidal properties exhibited by EuCl-OFX and ofloxacin free solution at different multiples of ofloxacin MIC for P. aeruginosa FQ-R1. Each plot also presents the effect of drug-free polymer at concentrations equivalent to those present in EuCl-OFX. EuCl-OFX tended to kill P. aeruginosa FQ-R1 very rapidly, achieving a 3 log10 decrease between 1 and 3 h at ¼ × MIC ofloxacin (32 μg mL−1) (Fig. 1a), whereas > 6 h of exposure was required for ofloxacin. Eradication was achieved within the first hour of assay after exposure to EuCl-OFX at 1024 μg mL−1 (8 × MIC ofloxacin, Fig. 1e), whereas the ofloxacin free solution did not yield bacterial eradication in the Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) entire range of drug concentrations evaluated. At longer exposure times, EuCl-OFX eradicated at drug concentrations 4–16 times lower than those required with ofloxacin. For instance, after 3 h exposure to EuCl-OFX, eradication of P. aeruginosa FQ-R1 was observed at ofloxacin concentrations of 256 μg mL−1 (2 × MIC, Fig. 1c) and 1024 μg mL−1 (8 × MIC, Fig. 1e) were required for free ofloxacin. Accordingly, 32 μg mL−1 of drug in EuCl-OFX yielded a complete bacterial eradication after 24 h (Fig. 1a) in comparison with 512 μg mL−1 of free ofloxacin (Fig. 1d).