For proliferation assay, as well as for quantification of IFN-γ and IL-4 production,

cultured PBMC were restimulated in vitro with www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html 50 μL of medium containing live ADV, strain NIA-3 (titer 106.5 TCID50). In control vials, the cells were incubated without the virus. Additionally, in proliferation assay, PBMC were incubated with 5 μg mL−1 of concanavalin-A (Con-A) to control the ability of lymphocytes to be stimulated. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. PBMC for analysis of antigen-specific proliferation were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37 °C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. After 72 h the cultures were pulsed with 0.5 μCi [3H]-thymidine (MP Biomedicals) and incubated for the next 18 h. In the next step the cells were harvested on glass microfiber filters (GF/C Whatman®, Whatman International Ltd, UK). Filters were transferred into counting vials containing 10 mL of scintillation liquid (ICN). The incorporated radioactivity was measured in a liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb 2500TR, Packard). Proliferation was expressed as the stimulation index (SI). The SI was calculated as the number of counts per minute of ADV-stimulated PBMC divided by

the number of counts per minute of the noninfected cells (in each case taking the mean of triplicate vials). PBMC stimulated in vitro by live ADV (see Isolation and culture of PBMC) were assessed for their ability to secrete HSP inhibitor IFN-γ and IL-4. PBMC were incubated under the same conditions as for LPA. Untreated cells Niclosamide served as control (mock control). The ELISA kits specific for porcine IFN-γ and IL-4 (Biosource Inc.) were used to determine the cytokine levels in the culture supernatants after 72 h of incubation, following the manufacturer’s instructions. In each experiment, serial

dilutions of swine IFN-γ and IL-4 standards were tested to determine calibration curves, which were then computer adjusted (with the use of the findgraph software program). From these calibration curves, values of unknown cytokines concentration samples were calculated using the same computer program. The Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation coefficient (r). Differences between means were tested for statistical significance by a parametric one-way ANOVA (95% significance level) and Student’s t-test with statistica 8.0 (StatSoft, Poland). ANOVAs were followed by HSD Tukey’s test in the case of significant differences. For all analyses, P≤0.05 was considered significant. No adverse local or systemic reactions after vaccination were seen in any pig. All experimental pigs were seronegative to the gE antibodies, which indicates that they were not infected with a field strain of ADV during the period of study. Eight sows were vaccinated twice during pregnancy and after the second vaccination all of them developed a humoral response at a level considered to be positive.