In order to examine the effect of weekly maternal weight and BMI changes on large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and cesarean delivery, delivery records from overall healthy women were analyzed.

Materials and Methods:

Singleton, term delivery records from January to December 2003, at three obstetric departments (urban, suburban, rural) in Japan (1617 records) were

analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied in order to estimate the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body size, higher maternal weight or BMI gains by calculating the odds ratios for LGA infants and cesarean deliveries.

Results:

Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, primiparity, and BMI gains of more than 0.13 per week were independent factors Selleck MK-2206 positively related to LGA, Selleck LY2835219 and maternal underweight was negatively related. Urban hospital setting, maternal age 35 years or older, primiparity, and BMI gains of more than 0.13 per week independently increased the odds ratios for cesarean delivery. Weight or BMI gains between two-week intervals (26-28 weeks, 32-34 weeks) were not useful for predicting either LGA or cesarean delivery. LGA was unrelated to cesarean delivery risk.

Conclusions:

Applying BMI gains per week enables target weight gains to be set according to the mother’s height, which may be useful in reducing risks for LGA

and cesarean delivery, especially in shorter women. Further investigation may be needed to explore the practicality and effectiveness of advising women to gain weight according to their body height.”
“The left superior vena cava is the most common congenital venous anomaly in the chest; however, its drainage into the left atrium is exceptional. The aim of the paper is to describe our novel technique to connect the left superior vena cava to the right cavities using the left

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“Agro-industrial by-products have the potential to be used with different purposes thus providing economical advantage to otherwise disposable residues. In particular, the field of skin care products and cosmetics may benefit from these remaining materials. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities aiming at their application as functional ingredient in skin formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by standard methods such as DPPH center dot and FRAP. In both methods the antioxidant activity of M. segitalis displayed the highest antioxidant activity (214.49 +/- 6.69 mu mol Trolox equivalent per g db for DPPH; 120.84 +/- 1.86 mu mol/mg db for FRAP). For DPPH M. rigidula showed the lowest antioxidant activity (127.18 +/- 1.96 mu mol Trolox equivalent per g db) and for FRAP M.