Leukocytes (106) were stained RG7204 manufacturer with the appropriate concentration of the following antibodies: CCR6 (29-2L17; Biolegend, Inc.), CCR9 (polyclonal; Santa Cruz), CD3 (145-2C11), TCR δ chain (GL3), PE TCR β chain (H57-597),

α4 integrin chain (R1-2), α4β7 integrin (DATK32), CD25 (7D4), CD2 (RM2-5), CD45RB (16A), CD69 (H1.2F3), CD122 (TM-Beta1) (BD Pharmingen). For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were preincubated for 4 h with PMA (20 ng/mL), ionomycin (500 ng/mL), and brefeldin A (10 μg/mL) at 37°C at 5% CO2. After surface marker staining, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with anti-IL-17, anti-IFN-γ, and anti-IL-4 antibodies (BD Pharmingen). IgG isotypes were used as irrelevant antibodies. Analysis was performed by using Cell Quest program in FACScalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA). Counts are reported as numbers of cells after the multiplication www.selleckchem.com/products/MG132.html of the percentage of T lymphocyte population by the total number of leukocytes. Gating strategy is shown in Supporting Information Fig. 5. Levels of CCL25, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in cell-free pleural washes, recovered 24 h after challenge, were evaluated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by using matched antibody pairs from R&D , according to manufacturer’s instructions. Mesothelial cells were recovered from C57BL/6 mice

pleura 14 days after s.c. sensitization as previously described [[11]] and yielded at least 90% of cytokeratin 7+ cells (data not shown), a cell surface marker that characterizes mesothelial cells [[66]]. Cells (4 × 105/well) were stimulated with rmIL-4 (40 ng/mL; R&D Systems) and supernatants were recovered after 12 Sulfite dehydrogenase h, for CCL25 evaluation. Murine thymic endothelioma cells (tEnd.1) were cultured in trans-well polycarbonate culture inserts placed in 24-well culture plates (8.0-μm pore diameter, BD Falcon) and allowed to grow to confluence. tEnd.1 cell monolayers were prestimulated with rmIL-4 (40 ng/mL; R&D Systems), SPW or OPW for 30 min, washed and added to 24-well culture plates containing PBS, rmCCL25 (100 ng/mL; R&D Systems),

SPW, or OPW. Spleen T lymphocytes (85% purity) were pretreated for 30 min with mAb anti-α4 integrin chain and anti-α4β7 integrin at saturating concentration (25 μg/mL; BD Pharmingen) and added (106 cells/well) to the tEnd.1 monolayers and allowed to migrate for 3 h (37°C, 5% CO2). IgG isotypes were used as irrelevant antibodies. Transmigrated cells were counted and stained for flow cytometry, as described above. Results are expressed as transmigration index, generated by using the number of cells that migrated toward buffer as comparison. Donor and recipient C57BL/6 mice were i.pl. injected with OVA 14 days post immunization. T lymphocytes were recovered from donor mice 24 h after challenge, labeled with CFSE (1 μM/4 × 107 cells), and treated or not with anti-α4 integrin chain (25 μg/mL).