None of these oscillations persisted under LL conditions.

We suggest that the lack of DA rhythmicity in the striatum under LL – probably regulated by Per2 – could be responsible for impaired performance in the timing task. Our findings add further support to the notion that circadian and interval timing share some common processes, interacting at the level of the dopaminergic system. “
“The repetition of an object stimulus results in faster and better recognition of this object (repetition priming). This phenomenon is neuronally associated with a reduced firing rate of neurons (repetition suppression). It has been interpreted as a sharpening mechanism within the cell assembly representing the object. In the case of an unfamiliar stimulus for which no object representation exists, the repetition of the stimulus results in an increase in the firing rate (repetition enhancement).It Olaparib in vivo has been hypothesized

that this increase reflects the formation of a cortical object representation. We aimed to investigate cortical object representations as well as repetition suppression and enhancement by means of the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in the healthy human brain. To that end, we used a repetition paradigm with familiar and unfamiliar objects, each presented with 12-Hz flicker, producing an oscillatory HIF-1 activation brain response at the same frequency (i.e. an SSVEP). Results showed significantly smaller SSVEP amplitudes for repeated familiar objects compared to their first presentation (repetition suppression). For unfamiliar objects, SSVEP amplitudes increased with stimulus repetition (repetition enhancement). Source reconstruction revealed inferior temporal regions as generators for the repetition suppression effect, probably reflecting a sharpening mechanism within the cortical

representations of the constituting features of an object. In contrast, repetition enhancement was localised in the superior parietal lobe, possibly IMP dehydrogenase reflecting the formation of a structural object representation. Thus, the mechanisms underlying repetition priming (i.e. sharpening and formation) depend on the semantic content of the incoming information. “
“The corticospinal (CS) system plays an important role in fine motor control, especially in precision grip tasks. Although the primary motor cortex (M1) is the main source of the CS projections, other projections have been found, especially from the supplementary motor area proper (SMAp). To study the characteristics of these CS projections from SMAp, we compared muscle responses of an intrinsic hand muscle (FDI) evoked by stimulation of human M1 and SMAp during an isometric static low-force control task. Subjects were instructed to maintain a small cursor on a target force curve by applying a pressure with their right precision grip on a force sensor.