TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG is the most recent LY294002 clinical trial available STR, recommended as preferred in the Department of Health and Human services (DHHS) Guidelines for naïve HIV-infected patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) >70 mL/min [43, 45, 64]. The integrase inhibitor EVG can be administered OD. The speed of viral suppression observed with TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG is consistent with the potency of HIV integrase inhibitors and robust COBI-boosted EVG exposures [41, 65]. TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG has shown to be non-inferior for safety and efficacy to TDF/FTC/EFV at 48 [51], 96 [52] and 144 weeks [53] in a controlled, randomized trial enrolling 700 HIV-positive cART-naïve subjects (Table 2). At

week 48, 87.6% of the patients receiving TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG had HIV-RNA concentrations <50 copies/mL vs. 84.1% of those receiving TDF/FTC/EFV [57]. HIV-RNA Selleck FHPI concentrations <50 copies/mL were maintained at week 144 in 80% of the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG arm vs. 75% in the TDF/FTC/EFV arm, testifying for durability [53]. Very few patients in the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG arm discontinued because of AEs, 4% at week 48 [51] and 5% at week 96 and 6% at week 144 [52, 53]. The most common AEs observed in the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG arm were nausea and an increase of serum creatinine concentration with a decrease in estimated glomerular

filtration rate (eGFR). COBI is associated with reduced active secretion of creatinine in the renal tubules leading to initial rises in creatinine levels in the first 2–4 weeks [52]. Because of this, only patients with a CrCl >70 mL/min were included in the registrative studies and consequently the use of COBI is currently allowed only in patients with CrCl >70 mL/min. Large pharmacovigilance programs on this enhancer should be considered to look at

its long-term impact on renal function, not limiting data to just eGFR changes. A second, large (715 enrolled patients), non-inferiority double-blind trial compared TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG to atazanavir (ATV)/RTV + FTC/TDF. The primary endpoint was the proportion mafosfamide of patients suppressed at week 48 [54], but secondary endpoint week 96 [55] and 144 [62] data are available. At week 48, 89.5% of the patients receiving TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG had HIV-RNA concentrations <50 copies/mL vs. 86.8% of those receiving ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF [60]. At week 144, the figures were 78% and 75% [56]. As for the previous study, the rate of discontinuation in the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG arm due to AEs was very low (3.7% at week 48) [54] (Table 1). Furthermore, the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG-treated patients had statistically lower increases in fasting triglycerides, and a lower percentage of subjects experienced alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or bilirubin elevations when compared with ATV/RTV + TDF/FTC-treated patients. As for resistances, in the 102 study [51], 2% of patients in the TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG arm failed with resistance inducing mutations, usually to both NRTIs and EVG. The result was comparable to that observed in the TDF/FTC/EFV arm.