The clinical, Vemurafenib supplier demographic and laboratory data for the children are shown in Table 1. The mean ages of the three groups were very similar, and a higher percentage of boys were observed only in the LTBI group (70.5%). All children were BCG vaccinated and presented the typical scar. Unfortunately, it was not possible to obtain TST results for all of the children, in particular because it was difficult to get minors responsible for children to return to the hospital with the children

to read the result after 72 h. In view of this, the results of the TST were obtained for only 47% of the children with LTBI (mean = 10 ± 4.3 mm), 52.3% of those with TB disease (mean = 14 ± 6.7) and 42.8% of the NC (non-reactive) group. So far as the presence or absence of signs and symptoms was concerned, 64% of the LTBI group showed some unspecific clinical manifestation of respiratory disease, such as fever, apathy, shortness of breath, lack of appetite or headache. In the TB disease group, clinical manifestations indicative of TB were found in all patients. These manifestations included high fever for 3 days or more, persistent cough for at least 3 weeks, shortness of breath, night sweats, tiredness, weight loss and the presence of hyperplasic lymph nodes. In the NC group, no clinical manifestations related Palbociclib purchase to TB were observed. In the LTBI group,

an epidemiological history of contact was observed in 88% children. The other patients were selected on the basis of the TST results. Of the children with TB disease, 85.7% had a history of contact with a bacillary adult. The other children were selected by way of an X-ray indicating TB or positive culture for M. tuberculosis. No contact leading to risk of TB was observed in the NC group. The chest radiographies were abnormal in 11 of 14 children from the TB disease group who underwent the examination. Two patients with extrapulmonary TB were included in this study. Our results revealed a

statistical difference between the mean IFN-γ levels of the LTBI and NC groups when the ESAT-6 antigen was used (P = 0.0008), while this was not observed for CFP-10 PAK5 and PPD in vitro, using an unpaired Student’s t-test (data not shown). The ESAT-6, CFP-10 and PPD antigens presented the AUC values of 0.731, 0.510 and 0.629, respectively (Fig. 1A), with a statistically significant difference only in the case of the ESAT-6 antigen (P = 0.015). The Kappa index for this test was 0.559 (P < 0.001). The cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity found for the ESAT-6 test, in addition to the Likelihood ratio + and −, are shown in Table 2. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean IFN-γ levels of the three antigens tested: ESAT-6 (P = 0.0012), CFP-10 (P = 0.0383) and PPD (P = 0.0086), when compared with the TB disease and NC groups, using an unpaired Student’s t-test (data not shown). According to ROC curve analysis, the results suggest that ESAT-6 (AUC = 0.780; P = 0.