The PCR-negative samples were also subjected to dsRNA and mechanical transmission tests. PCR Roxadustat manufacturer results indicated that c. 86% of the trees were infected with at least one virus, whereas visible bands were shown by 3 of 24 PCR-negative samples in dsRNA analysis. OLYaV was the most prevalent virus (49.1%), followed by OLV-1 (34.3%), CMV (25.7%), OLRSV

(16.6%), CLRV (13.1%), SLRSV (7.4%) and OLV-2 (6.9%), whereas ArMV was not detected. Very high infection rates were found in the two main oil cvs. Chemlali (84.6%) and Chétoui (86.9%). “
“In 2012 and 2013, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants from commercial crops in São Paulo State were found showing mosaic, necrotic lesions, leaf deformation and necrotic spots on the fruits, suggestive of tospovirus infection. Leaf and fruit samples were separately tested by PTA-ELISA and reverse transcription

polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) against tospovirus was performed. The virus was identified as Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and was sap transmissible. The host range was similar to isolates of GRSV found naturally infecting Solanaceae, except that this isolate infected watermelon systemically but did not infect tomato cvs. Santa Clara and Mariana. Thrips collected in the field transmitted GRSV to watermelon, sweet pepper and Nicotiana species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the natural infection of watermelon by GRSV. “
“The genus Ditylenchus learn more contains more than 80 recognized nematode species with a very wide host range. The most serious species are Ditylenchus dipsaci and Ditylenchus

destructor. Populations of D. dipsaci species complex were collected from Allium cepa, Cichorium endivia and Phlox paniculata in Poland. The Ditylenchus gigas population was collected from Vicia faba minor, and OSBPL9 populations of D. destructor, from Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum. Analyses of the rDNA sequences spanning both ITS1 and ITS2 fragment regions were carried out on the collected populations. The obtained DNA sequences were compared with those DNA sequences deposited in GenBank of populations isolated in other countries. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the data obtained from the DNA sequence comparisons. The results indicated that there is no clear distinction between European and non-European populations within D. dipsaci. The results also showed no clear distinction between populations isolated from different host plant species, including populations found in Poland. The populations of D. destructor described here constitute a common group together with American and Chinese populations belonging to the haplotype C of the D. destructor species. On the other hand, the D. gigas population was localized separately from those populations that have been described up until now, from Europe and Africa. This is also the first report on the occurrence of D.