The results emphasize the need for up-to-date reference find more equations.”
“BACKGROUND: The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol includes a disruptive pretreatment process followed by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose components to fermentable sugars. As the cost and hydrolytic efficiency of enzymes are major factors that restrict the commercialization of biomass conversion processes, significant efforts are made nowadays
to improve the enzymatic mixtures and make the process cost-effective.
RESULTS: In this work, enzymatic microassays have been developed and validated to test new different enzymatic formulations on real lignocellulosic substrates. Homogeneous handsheets from steam pretreated wheat straw were elaborated to be used as substrate. The microassay was adapted to test both water-insoluble solids and the whole slurry as substrates. Results in hydrolysis microassays were comparable with those obtained in standard flask assays using pretreated wheat straw. Moreover, using the enzymatic
microassays, two novel preparations have been evaluated, demonstrating the ability of microassays to discriminate between different enzymatic mixtures.
CONCLUSIONS: SNS-032 This enzymatic microassay represents a rapid method to test the performance of new selected cellulase enzymes on real pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. This microassay will enable evaluation of enzyme components separately, or optimized mixtures. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Background and objective: Complications during advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy are rare and include: pneumothorax, bleeding, mediastinitis and lymphadenitis. Increased complications have been demonstrated in patients undergoing routine bronchoscopy procedures performed by trainees. This study aimed to determine the impact of trainees during advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy on procedure time, sedation use and complications.
Methods: A retrospective review of a quality improvement database including consecutive pulmonary procedures performed BI 2536 research buy by an interventional
pulmonologist (D. R. S.) at the University of Calgary, from 1 July 2007 to 1 April 2011.
Results: Six hundred seven (55.2%) of the 1100 procedures involved an advanced diagnostic procedure defined as: endobronchial ultrasound-guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and/or peripheral EBUS. A trainee participated in 512 (84.3%) procedures. A complication occurred in 25 patients (4.1%), with a trend towards increased complication rates in the trainee group (4.7% vs 1.1%, difference 3.6%, P = 0.076). Significant differences were seen when a trainee participated versus when no trainee participated for procedure length (58.32 min vs 37.69 min, difference 20.63 min (95% confidence interval: 19.07-22.19), P = 0.001) and for the dose of propofol (178.3 mg vs 137.1 mg, difference 41.2 mg (95% confidence interval: 19.81-63.38), P = 0.