The single Arabidopsis isoform of naphthoate synthase (NS) is orthologous EPZ004777 supplier to MenB from cyanobacteria, which catalyses an essential reaction in phylloquinone biosynthesis, a pathway previously assumed to be entirely compartmentalized in plastids in higher plants. In an extension of

a previous study, the present in vivo targeting data furthermore demonstrate that the enzyme upstream of NS, chloroplastic acyl-CoA activating enzyme isoform 14 (AAE14, SSL >), is dually targeted to both plastids and peroxisomes. This proteomic study, extended by in vivo subcellular localization analyses, indicates a novel function for plant peroxisomes in phylloquinone biosynthesis.”
“The influence of polarization-induced electric fields on the coherent electron tunneling probability in AlN/GaN coupled double quantum wells (CDQWs) has been performed by solving Schrodinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. It is found that when the first excited state (E-2) and the second excited state (E-3) resonate in AlN/GaN CDQWs, the coherent electron tunneling probability is 16 times higher than that in AlN/GaN single quantum well, which is attributed to the Fabry-Perot quantum interference mechanism in AlN/GaN CDQWs. However,

the coherent electron tunneling probability decreases rapidly with the polarization-induced electric fields increasing, which is attributed to the resonance between the E-2 and E-3 subbands weakening with the polarization-induced electric fields increasing in AlN/GaN CDQWs. (C) 2010 LY2090314 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517067]“
“In this article, we report on the

synthesis of cellulose esters by the reaction of cellulose and some cyclic anhydrides, such as succinic, maleic, and phthalic anhydrides. For this, an esterification method was finalized. Indeed, cellulose extracted from Posidonia biomass was first solubilized in the solvent system lithium chloride (LiCl)/N,N-dimethylacetamide and then esterified by cyclic anhydride in the presence of catalysts such as N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, and calcium carbonate. This method was fast and reproducible with the LiCl system as a solvent and with an efficient activation Bioactive Compound Library cost by controlled microwave power. In this way, the reaction time was reduced from several hours to just a few minutes. The reaction products were characterized by IR and solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. The degree of substitution (DS) and the grafted ester group content of the different products were obtained by alkali saponification followed by titration of the excess alkali. Two activation methods were compared, and the results show that the application of classical heating gave less successful results than those obtained by microwave activation. Indeed, with microwave activation, a higher DS (2.25) was obtained after 10 min. However, with classical heating, a value of DS equal to 1.2 was obtained after 12 h.