We tested for the effect of hydrological regime on the structure and functions of microbial communities by comparing sediments collected at multiple sites in the Ain departement (Eastern France). Each site consisted of two plots, one permanently and one seasonally inundated. At the time of sampling, all plots were continuously inundated for more than 6months but still harboured distinct bacterial communities. This change in community structure was not associated with marked modifications in the rates

of microbial activities involved in the C and N cycles. These results suggest that the observed structural change could be related to bacterial taxa responding to the environmental variations associated with different hydrological regimes, but CYT387 ic50 not strongly associated with the biogeochemical processes monitored here.”
“BackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

(cSCC) usually has ill-defined margins because of its irregular invasive patterns. ObjectiveTo evaluate the surgical efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) in primary cSCC treated using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Methods & MaterialsWe examined 67 cases of biopsy-proven primary facial cSCC treated with MMS. The 67 SCC were divided into the two groups depending on PDD application: PDD group (n=38, 56.7%) and non-PDD group (n=29, 43.3%). We analyzed the differences in surgical features between the PDD and non-PDD groups. ResultsThe PDD group required fewer Mohs stages (1.37 vs 1.83, SNX-5422 inhibitor p=.02) and smaller surgical margins (8.03 vs 11.24mm, p=.03). PDD showed additional benefits in terms of surgical margin and Mohs stage, especially in low-risk SCC, including thin (4mm), small PARP inhibitor (20mm), well-differentiated, and nonulcerative tumors (p smaller than .05) but did not show beneficial effects in high-risk SCC (p bigger than .05) during MMS. ConclusionPDD

can increase surgical efficacy of primary cSCC during MMS. These benefits are more pronounced in low-risk SCC. We recommend PDD as a simple and useful technique for delineating the margins of low-risk SCC before MMS.”
“Impacting hardenable steel such as 4340, results in the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs). Previous studies have shown that the presence of carbides/second-phase particles in the pre-deformation microstructures of 4340 steel increases their susceptibility to the formation of ASBs. The current study examines the role of carbides on the microstructure and properties within evolved ASBs in 4340 steel after impact. Geometric phase analysis was used to map local deformation fields within the evolved ASBs. It was observed that carbide fragmentation due to plastic deformation of carbides produces both residual carbides and residual carbide particles in regions away from the shear bands.