2, left) After establishment of a pneumoretroperitoneal space wi

2, left). After establishment of a pneumoretroperitoneal space with a maximum CO2 pressure of 8 mm Hg, the laterocorneal fascia and the posterior renal fascia were incised longitudinally on the psoas muscle. The right ureter was identified and carefully dissected free from surrounding tissues with periureteral blood vessels. The ureter was clipped and transected at the level

of the right common iliac artery AG-014699 chemical structure and withdrawn through the third port. A ureteral stoma was made using the Toyoda method.4 A 5-mm suction drain was placed through the fourth port, and the wounds were closed with subcuticular sutures (Fig. 2, right). Surgical time was 123 minutes, and blood loss was kept to a minimum. Five days after the surgery, the left renal artery was embolized using ethanol to eliminate left kidney function. After these procedures, he was completely free from painful urinary-related symptoms until he died of progressive disease 24 days after the surgery. For the treatment of obstructive uropathy from advanced intrapelvic cancer and to control recurrent hematuria from bladder cancer or radiation cystitis, urinary diversion has been occasionally performed as a palliative therapy for these patients.1, 2 and 5 If the patients have a poor prognosis and are at high risk for invasive surgery, simple and less invasive treatments are needed to

avoid decreasing Doxorubicin their quality of life. Therefore, laparoscopic cutaneous ureterostomy was reported by some authors as one of the less invasive urinary diversions.2, 3, 6 and 7 To relieve symptoms from fistula formation or painful bladder symptoms, complete prevention of the downstream flow of urine into the bladder is needed.1 In the present

case, cystectomy with an ileal conduit was not feasible because the general condition of the patient was too poor to undergo long, invasive surgery. In addition, there was no space for left cutaneous ureterostomy because of the spread of tumors, and the procedures of right-sided repositioning of the left ureter were also too invasive for him because of a “frozen” pelvis Resminostat and previous extended lymphadenectomy. Therefore, a right cutaneous ureterostomy was performed using the retroperitoneoscopic approach, followed by embolization of the left renal artery to eliminate left kidney function, as previously reported.2 At the time of operation, the patient was placed in the supine position. His skin metastases were widely spread to the perineum, genitalia, and lower abdomen. If these tumors had been compressed while he was placed in the lateral decubitus position, they would have caused severe pain after waking up from general anesthesia. The supine position has often been used for extraperitoneal laparoscopic surgery, such as retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer.8, 9 and 10 As described in our previous reports, once the pneumoretroperitoneal space had been widely extended with blunt dissection, we could do any procedures with no difficulties in the supine position.

OPV may reduce, albeit non-significantly,

OPV may reduce, albeit non-significantly, 3-deazaneplanocin A rota virus titres and sero-conversion rate when co-administered with live rota virus vaccine [12]. A transient suppressive effect of OPV (Sabin type 1) on tuberculin reactivity was observed decades ago in TB-infected children receiving chemotherapy. However, OPV did not impair the clinical remission of the TB infection [13]. Recently, a “natural experiment” from Bissau found that OPV0 was

associated with reduced in vitro IFN-γ responses to PPD 6 weeks after co-administration with BCG and lower likelihood of developing a BCG scar at 2 months [4]. A later similar observational study found that OPV0 was associated with fewer BCG scars for males but not for females at 2 months of age [14]. In the present study, virtually all infants have developed a scar after 6 months, and the size of the local reaction did not differ between the randomisation groups. The very high scar rate was higher than the rates reported previously for both BCG + OPV and BCG alone [4] and may reflect that all infants

were BCG vaccinated by trained nurses at the national hospital with long experience [15]. The results of the present study confirm the previous observation that OPV click here attenuates the in vitro responses to PPD, as the frequency of high IFN-γ responders and the production of IL-5 to PPD were reduced in infants receiving OPV0 + BCG. Hence, OPV was associated with a non-biased attenuation of both Th1 and Th2 skewing cytokine responses. Of note, OPV was not found to induce leukopenia or lymphocytopenia. The observed association of OPV with neutrophil counts has not been described previously and should be tested in another study. The in vitro cytokine responses to OPV stimulation were at similar or lower levels than the control samples, which is in line with our previous experiences with the assay (unpublished data). Relatively low infant cellular responses

to polio-antigen have been reported previously [16]. Parvulin OPV stimulation may have had an inhibitory effect during the incubation. OPV-infected dendritic cells (DC) are impaired in receptor-mediated endocytosis [17], and it has been suggested that DC infected with polio are impaired in the MHC class I expression [18], although this has been contradicted in a later study [17]. The putatively inhibitory effect of OPV in culture may parallel the observed attenuation of BCG responses. Notably, the immunological interaction is systemic as OPV and BCG are administered via different routes (oral versus intra-dermal). The protective effects of BCG against TB is generally lower in low-income countries [5], and geographical differences in the immunological effects of BCG has been observed [19]. It could be speculated that OPV may contribute to this attenuation of the BCG effects. Although disputed [20], in vitro IFN-γ responses to PPD is a widely used marker of TB immunity [21].

The increased microbial activity in the soils after biochar incor

The increased microbial activity in the soils after biochar incorporation was demonstrated by an increase in MBC content throughout incubation duration, except for the date of 21 d (Fig. 3). The presence of hyphae at the interface between the biochar and the soil particles (Fig. 4d) also further proved the facilitation of microbial activities by biochar incorporation into the soils. Barthés and Roose (2002) indicated that soil loss correlated negatively with stable macroaggregate Selleckchem BMS777607 (> 0.2 mm) content (r = 0.99, p < 0.01) in topsoils under a given simulated rainfall intensity (60 mm h− 1). Moreno-de las Heras (2009) found that

the addition of organic matter to form stabilized soil aggregates reduced the potential of soil erosion. As a whole, this study showed that the incorporation of biochar into highly weathered soil clearly improved the physical properties of the soil, and reduced the potential for soil erosion. Annabi et al. (2011) further indicated that organic amendments that were more resistant to mineralization showed improved stabilization of macroaggregates than organic additives that decomposed

easily. Biochar prepared from the waste wood of white lead trees through Y-27632 concentration slow pyrolysis is an acid-neutralizing material for highly weathered soils, and is a potential source of nutrients. The persistent characteristics of the biochar ensure long-term benefits for the soils. Our incubation experiments showed that wood biochar not only improved the chemical and biological properties of the soil, including increasing soil pH, CEC, BS, and microbial Megestrol Acetate activity, but also improved the physical properties of the soil, such as Bd, Ksat, aggregate stability, and erosion resistance. These results suggest that the addition of wood biochar effectively improved poor soil characteristics in highly-weathered soil, and reduced soil losses. The results of this study

could be used to avoid rapid soil degradation in subtropical and tropical regions. The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan for financially supporting this research under contract no. NSC 94-2313-B-020-016. “
“The authors regret that the paper published by Torri et al. (2012) contains some typing errors: i.e. “
“The publisher regrets that there were errors in the affiliation information and Table 1 caption. The correction affiliation is mentioned above and the correct text for Table 1 is represented below. aCoarse sand = 250–2000 μm, Fine sand = 50–250 μm, Silt = 2–50 μm, Clay = < 2 μm. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. "
“Dan H. Yaalon passed away in the morning of Jan 29, 2014. I lost a dear friend, loyal colleague, and a sound professional authority.


“Summary of: Machado LAC et al (2010) The effectiveness of


“Summary of: Machado LAC et al (2010) The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to first-line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial BMC Medicine 8: 10. [Prepared by Julia Hush, CAP Editor.] Question: Does the addition of McKenzie treatment to first-line care improve symptoms and function for patients with acute low back pain? Design: A randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and blinded outcome assessment. Setting: 27 primary care medical practices in Sydney, Australia. Participants: Patients aged between 18 to buy Adriamycin 80 years seeking

medical care from a primary care physician for a new episode of acute non-specific low back pain. Nerve root compromise, serious spinal pathology, and recent spinal surgery were exclusion criteria. Randomisation of

148 participants allotted 73 to the McKenzie treatment and first-line care group, and 73 to a first-line care only group. Interventions: Both groups received the following recommended first-line care for acute low back pain: advice to remain active and avoid bed rest, reassurance of a favourable prognosis and instructions to take paracetamol. In addition, the intervention group received SCR7 ic50 McKenzie therapy, commenced within 48 h of their physician consultation. Treatment was provided by 15 accredited McKenzie therapists. Treatment for most patients encouraged directions of movement and postures that centralised pain. Patients received up to 6 treatment sessions over 3 weeks. They were provided with the book Treat Your Own Back, prescribed home exercises, and most were prescribed

lumbar rolls. Outcome measures: Primary outcomes were pain and global perceived effect. Pain was measured during the first 7 days, and at Weeks 1 and 3, with the Numerical Rating Scale scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain possible), with a between-group difference of 1 unit considered clinically important. Patient-rated global perceived effect was assessed at 3 weeks on a –5 to 5 scale, anchored new at ‘vastly worse’ and ‘completely recovered.’ Secondary outcome measures were disability, function, global perceived effect at 1 week, persistent low back pain at 3 months, and use of additional health care services. Results: 138 participants provided data at 3 months. At Week 1, pain was less in the McKenzie treatment group by 0.4 points (95% CI –0.1 to –0.8). At Week 3, pain was less in the McKenzie treatment group by 0.7 points (95% CI –1.2 to –0.1). The groups did not differ on other outcomes. However, patients receiving McKenzie treatment sought less additional health care than those receiving only firstline care (p = 0.002).

There are currently 1965 members of CSANZ of which 702 (36%) are

There are currently 1965 members of CSANZ of which 702 (36%) are affiliate or non-cardiologist members. Surprisingly, only 8 (1% of affiliate members) of these identify themselves

as physiotherapists. In contrast, 384 (55% of affiliate members) identify as registered nurses. There are currently 460 members of ACRA, with only 43 (9%) identifying themselves as physiotherapists. These data are somewhat disturbing given that most hospitals employ physiotherapists to work on cardiology wards, most cardiac rehabilitation programs include a physiotherapist as an integral member of the multidisciplinary team, and many physiotherapists working Selleck Roxadustat in the community would manage patients on a daily basis with, or at risk of, cardiac disease. Conference participation: The respective national annual scientific meetings of CSANZ and ACRA provide for participation and presentation by a variety of health professionals, including physiotherapists. At the CSANZ conferences in 2009 and 2010 there were a total of 2310 and 2062 registrants respectively and a total of 700 and 655 abstracts

presented respectively. A review of the registrant database indicates that less than five physiotherapists were identified as registering for each of the annual conferences. A review of the ACRA Proceedings for 2003–2007 found a total of 279 abstracts were presented over the five-year period ( Fernandez et al 2011). Detailed analysis of author profession, independent of order listed, I-BET151 molecular weight found that only 13 (5%) were presented by physiotherapists over the five-year period examined. Of those presented by a physiotherapist, only one was subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal. In comparison, 107 (38%) abstracts were authored and presented (six subsequent peer-reviewed

full manuscripts) click here by registered nurses. The biennial Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Australia meeting is part of APA Conference and is the major meeting that specifically targets Australian physiotherapists. Therefore, the conference proceedings for the Cardiorespiratory Stream at the conferences in 2007, 2009, and 2011 were reviewed. Of the abstracts presented at the three conferences, only 8% (SD 4%) were related to cardiac conditions. In comparison, 60% (SD 13%) were related to respiratory disease. The difference between cardiac and respiratory abstracts was much less extreme at the recent World Physical Therapy meeting. In this forum, 31 abstracts related specifically to cardiac disease (among a much larger cohort of abstracts on lifestyle disease prevention generally), compared to 42 abstracts related specifically to respiratory disease.

We report comparator characteristics of the Zone population as we

We report comparator characteristics of the Zone population as weighted averages, weighting each Zone LSOA by its total population of residents living in that LSOA plus non-residents commuting to that LSOA. We used linear regression

to examine correlates of ‘mean number of trips’ (primary outcome), and logistic regression to examine correlates of ‘ever use’ (secondary outcome). We hypothesised that the association between socio-demographic explanatory variables and outcome variables might be affected by the geographical positioning of the scheme in relation to users, and by users’ decisions regarding learn more when and how to register for the scheme. We therefore adjusted for these variables using a hierarchical modelling approach. Model one includes the socio-demographic variables (gender,;

place of residence,; and area-level income-deprivation, ethnicity and commuter behaviour); model two also adjusts for distance and density of BCH stations from the registered address; and model three further adjusts for month of registration and access type. We accounted for spatial autocorrelation using maximum likelihood estimation to fit three-level linear and logistic random intercept models, of individuals nested within LSOAs nested within boroughs (further details in supplementary material). STATA 11 was used for all statistical analyses and ARC GIS 9.2 was used PD0332991 mw to create a map. Ethical

approval was granted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s ethics committee. Between 30th July 2010 and 23rd February 2011, 100,801 individuals registered to use the BCH scheme. Data was complete for 99,615 individuals (98.8%). A total of 2,497,919 trips were made between 30th July 2010 and 17th March 2011, Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase however one quarter (25.4%) of registered users made no trips in the recorded period. The mean total number of trips per registered user was 24.8, (standard deviation 47.9; 95%CI 24.5–25.1), with a mean of 4.15 (standard deviation 7.9; 95%CI 4.10–4.20) trips per user per month of registration. Among those whose gender was known, less than one fifth (18.4%) of the total number of trips were made by females. Over two-thirds (69.6%) of registered users were male, and approximately three-quarters (77.5%) had London postcodes. One-third (34.3%) lived within 500 m of a BCH docking station, and one-quarter (27.3%) had one or more BCH docking stations within a 250-metre radius of their address. Half (50.5%) registered within the first two months of the scheme, with registrations declining over time, perhaps partly due to the transition to winter. 58.7% of users registered for 1-day access and 37.1% registered for annual access. Males were more likely than females to be non-London residents (25.7% versus 13.9%) and to choose annual access (39.5% versus 30.6%).

The introduction of RV-A vaccination was followed by a reduction

The introduction of RV-A vaccination was followed by a reduction in child hospitalization due to all causes of AD in Brazil, El Salvador and Mexico ranging from 17 to 51% [21], [22] and [23] and a reduction buy BIBW2992 in mortality from AD in children under 5 years in Brazil of 22% and in Mexico of 41% [24]. This study will evaluate the overall effectiveness of the oral monovalent vaccine, used in routine health services, in preventing Brazilian child hospitalization with RV-A AD. It will also evaluate

overall and genotype-specific VE by time since second dose vaccination (up to two years), and genotype-specific VE. This was a hospital based case–control study, frequency-matched by sex and age group. Hospitals were general hospitals which received children with

a large range of diseases coming from a similar geographical catchment area. Seventeen of the hospitals enrolled in the RV-A AD National Surveillance System were invited to participate in the study, based on having had a large number of RV-A positive samples in 2007, adequate level of organization of the unit and data accessibility. After consultation Selleckchem Ulixertinib and agreement on logistical arrangements with the Federal Health Surveillance (SVS/MS), the epidemiological surveillance of the hospitals and of the states, the Central Public Health and National Reference Laboratories, 10 hospitals located in five macro-regions of Brazil (6 state capital cities and 4 municipalities) were selected. Children were eligible

to participate in the study if they were admitted in the study hospitals, were aged 4 to 24 months (and therefore old enough to have received their second dose of rotavirus vaccine) and did not have diarrhea up to three weeks before admission or during hospitalization. All eligible children were listed and screened to exclude children who had any health condition presumed to reduce vaccine effectiveness (immunodeficiency, gastrointestinal disease (e.g. diverticulitis), malformations or neoplasm conditions related to vaccine effectiveness, general signs and symptoms, infectious and parasitic diseases), those who had received the second dose of vaccine in the 15 days before hospitalization, or whose vaccination did not follow the BNIP schedule. All that Etomidate fulfilled the specific criteria for either effective’s case or control were included. This aimed to select controls from the population that produced the cases, as cases hospitalized by AD or by other diseases were likely to come from the same population given the universal health care system in Brazil. Inclusion criteria for potential cases were: admission with AD (defined as three or more liquid stools in 24 h, up to 14 days before admission), stool sample was collected until 48 h after admission and positive for RV-A and stay in hospital for at least 24 h. Children were included in the study in the first hospitalization only and had no associate disease.

6 letters at 1 year of follow-up Although both groups achieved a

6 letters at 1 year of follow-up. Although both groups achieved a significant improvement in mean BCVA, IV ranibizumab eyes demonstrated significantly greater BCVA gains when compared with IV bevacizumab eyes at weeks 8 and 32 and a trend toward significance find more at weeks 28, 36, and 40. This difference between the groups

at these time points during follow-up may be attributable to lower central subfield thickness values in the IV ranibizumab group compared with the IV bevacizumab group at these periods (Figure 2, Top) and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of patients with a central subfield thickness ≤275 μm in the IV ranibizumab group (Figure 3). Correspondingly, the proportion of IV bevacizumab eyes that met the criterion for rescue therapy was significantly higher in the IV bevacizumab group compared with the IV ranibizumab

group. Despite significant differences between groups in BCVA at weeks 8 and 32, it is important to note that because the sample size calculation for this study was based on the difference between treatment groups with respect to central subfield thickness, conclusions regarding BCVA are limited: the lack of a significant difference between treatment groups with respect to BCVA at some study visits does not necessarily indicate that both anti-VEGF treatments have an equivalent effect on BCVA. In other words, a significant difference between groups may have been detected at other study visits if the study had been conducted with a sample size based on differences in BCVA rather 3-deazaneplanocin A than on differences in central

subfield thickness. Significant improvements in central subfield thickness compared with baseline were observed in both the IV bevacizumab and IV ranibizumab groups. At week 48, both groups demonstrated a mean central subfield thickness reduction compared with baseline of 120 μm. Similarly, the DRCR.net12 reported a mean improvement in central subfield thickness of 131 μm and 137 μm in patients with DME treated with IV ranibizumab next plus prompt or deferred laser, respectively, after 1-year follow-up. More recently, the RISE and RIDE13 studies reported a mean central subfield thickness reduction at 1 year of 250 μm in patients with DME treated with IV ranibizumab. The greater absolute value of central subfield thickness reduction observed in the RISE and RIDE studies may be related to higher baseline central foveal thickness values and/or more constant VEGF blockage with monthly treatment compared to the DRCR.net study,12 in which the mean number of injections was 8 per year, and the present study, in which the mean number of injections was 7.67 per year. It is also important to note that the multivariate analysis in the current study did not demonstrate any influence of baseline central subfield thickness on the number of injections in either study group.

Cells were maintained in a tissue culture flask and kept in a hum

Cells were maintained in a tissue culture flask and kept in a humidified incubator (5% CO2 in air at 37 °C)

with a medium change every 2–3 days. When the cells reached 70–80% confluence, they were harvested with trypsin – EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetate) and seeded into a new tissue culture flask. W. fruticosa flowers were collected from natural habitat during November–January. Plant material was identified by Dr. V.T Antony and a voucher specimen (Acc. No. 7566) was deposited at the herbarium of the Department of Botany, S.B College, Changanassery, Kottayam, Kerala. Flowers were shade-dried, powdered and 50 g of dried powder was soxhlet extracted with 400 mL of methanol for 48 h. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure using a ISRIB mouse rotary evaporator and was kept under refrigeration. The yield of methanolic extract of Woodfordia fruticosa (MEWF) was 12.5% (w/w). The concentrate was suspended

in 5% Tween 80 for in vivo study and in DMSO for in vitro antiproliferative study. For in vitro antiproliferative study, MEWF was dissolved PLX-4720 molecular weight in DMSO at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. The test solution was prepared freshly on the day of use, diluted to two different concentrations of MEWF (100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml) and 5-flourouracil, the standard control (50 μg/ml) with DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) FBS and 1x antibiotic-antimycotics. Male Wistar rats weighing 160–180 g were used for this study. The animals were housed in polypropylene cages and had free access to standard pellet diet (Sai Durga Feeds, Bangalore, India) and drinking water. The animals were maintained at a controlled condition of temperature of 26–28 °C with a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle. Animal studies were followed according to Institute Animal Ethics Committee regulations approved by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA Reg. No. B 2442009/4) and conducted humanely. HCC was induced by oral administration Linifanib (ABT-869) of 0.02% NDEA (2 ml, 5 days/week for 20 weeks).3 Silymarin at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was used as standard control.8

Two different doses of MEWF (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) were also prepared for oral administration to the animals. The lethal dose of W. fruticosa was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg p.o. 7 Thirty six rats were divided into six groups, Group I – Normal control Daily doses of Silymarin and MEWF treatments were started in group III–V animals 1 week before the onset of NDEA administration and continued up to 20 weeks. Group VI served as drug control received MEWF alone for the entire period. The rats were sacrificed 48 h after the last dose of NDEA administration. Rat livers were blotted dry and examined on the surface for visible macroscopic liver lesions (neoplastic nodules). The grayish white lesions were easily recognized and distinguished from the surrounding non- nodular reddish brown liver parenchyma. The nodules were spherical in shape.

FTIR (KBr): 1724, 1599, 1520, 1344, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3 45

1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(4-Aminophenyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5f. Dark brown solid. Yield 90%; M.p. 98° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1724, 1599, 1344, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 8.32 http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html (dd, J = 15, 1H), 8.34 (dd, J = 15, 2H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 22.8, 31, 81.7, 114, 120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 167.78, 171 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 354 (M + H) Anal. Calc. for C18H14N2O6 (354.31): C, 61.02; H, 3.98; N, 7.91 Found: C, 59.99; H, 4.01; N, 7.89. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(Salicylicacidyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones 5g. Light brown solid. Yield 93%; M.p. 115° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1724, 1599, 1344, 1H NMR (500 MHz, Y-27632 supplier DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04

(s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 10.2 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 22.8, 31, 80.7, 114,

120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 167.78, 171, 189 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 355 (M + 2H) Anal. Calc. for C19H15NO6 (353.32): C, 64.59; H, 4. 28; N, 3.96 Found: C, 64.57; H, 4.29; N, 4.0. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(Salicyldehydoxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5h. Light orange solid. Yield 91%; M.p. 128° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1721, 1600, 1345, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.32 (m, 4H), 7.34 (dd, J = 10, 2H), 8.7 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 22.8, 31, 80.7, 114, 120, 121, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, isothipendyl 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163, 168, 174 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 337 (M + ) Anal. Calc. for C19H15NO5 (337.32): C, 67.65; H, 4. 48; N, 4.15 Found: C, 67.63; H, 4.46; N, 4.11. 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(3-methylphenyloxy)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 5i. Brown solid. Yield 93%; M.p. 149° (hexane/MeOH). FTIR (KBr): 1720, 1599, 1340, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO), 3.45 (DMSO solvent); 2.04 (s, 3H); 2.5 (s, J = 5, 1H); 5.3 (s, J = 10, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 10, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 10, 2H). 13C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) 11, 22, 31, 80, 114, 120, 126.9, 127.85, 128, 129, 130.22, 133, 135.9, 137, 138, 163,1 67.78, 171 δ ppm; ESIMS m/z 324 (M + H) Anal. Calc. for C19H17NO4 (323.34): C, 70.58; H, 5.38; N, 4.33 Found: C, 70.58; H, 5.36; N, 4.32.