(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3565049]“
“Aims: While complex symptom scales are important research tools, simpler, preferably single item scales may be more useful for routine clinical practise in the evaluation of patients with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). This study aimed to compare multiple single-item scales at baseline and after treatment with patient-reported

overall rating of treatment efficacy. Methods: In a pre-planned secondary analysis of a previously reported observational study, 4,450 patients were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks open-label treatment with solifenacin. Apart from episode counting for Fer-1 research buy classical OAB symptoms, the following single-item rating scales were applied: Indevus Urgency Severity Scale, Urgency Perception Scale, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life question of the IPSS, and general health and bladder problem questions of the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Results: At baseline OAB symptoms correlated at best moderately with each (r = 0.285-0.508) other or with any of the rating scales (r = 0.060-0.399). Pair-wise correlations between treatment-associated symptom

or scale improvements tended to be tighter (r = 0.225-0.588). When compared to patient-reported efficacy, the VAS (r = 0.487) and the bladder problem question of the KHQ (r = 0.452) showed the tightest correlation, whereas all symptom and rating scale improvements exhibited poor correlation with patient-reported tolerability (r <= 0.283). Conclusions: The VAS and the bladder problem question of the KHQ show the greatest MDV3100 chemical structure promise as single-item scales to assess problem intensity in OAB patients. Neurourol. Urodynam.

30: 510-514, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“BACKGROUND: Ovarian tumors during pregnancy are rare. There is sparse clinical evidence about the safety of chemotherapy in this situation.\n\nCASE: A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 15 1/2 weeks of pregnancy with a Krukenberg tumor. She was treated with surgical removal and 10 courses of the combination of 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, and irinotecan every 2 weeks Dinaciclib Cell Cycle inhibitor until the 36th week of her pregnancy. The neonate was born without complications, and at age 4 months, showed normal development and no teratogenic effects.\n\nCONCLUSION: In this case, irinotecan started at the second trimester and was safely used at full adjuvant dose. (Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:451-2)”
“Bird M-L, Hill KD, Fell JW. A randomized controlled study investigating static and dynamic balance in older adults after training with Pilates. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:43-9.\n\nObjective: To evaluate effects of a Pilates intervention on balance and function in community-dwelling older (aged > 60y) adults.\n\nDesign: Randomized crossover study design lasting 16 weeks.\n\nSetting: University exercise clinic.

Women indicated an interest in learning about the causes of and treatment for sexual dysfunction on just 5% of all assessments.ConclusionsAlthough many women receiving chronic hemodialysis are sexually inactive, few describe sexual difficulty. Most, including those with a lack of interest in sex, are satisfied with their sexual life and few wish to learn about treatment options. These findings suggest that true sexual dysfunction is uncommon in this population and that treatment opportunities are rare.”
“Jungle

honey (JH) is collected from timber and blossom by wild honey bees that live in the tropical forest of Nigeria. JH is used as a traditional medicine for colds, skin inflammation and LY2606368 burn wounds as well as general health care. However, the effects of JH on immune functions are not clearly known. Therefore, we investigated the effects of JH on immune functions and antitumor activity in mice. Female selleck chemical C57BL/6 mice were injected with JH (1 mg/mouse/day, seven times intra-peritoneal). After seven injections, peritoneal cells (PC) were obtained. Antitumor activity was assessed by growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma/2 (LL/2) cells. PC numbers were increased in JH-injected mice compared to control mice. In Dot Plot analysis by FACS,

a new cell population appeared in JH-injectedmice. The percent of Gr-1 surface antigen and the intensity of Gr-1 antigen expression of PC were increased in JH-injected mice. The new cell population was neutrophils. JH possessed chemotactic activity for neutrophils. Tumor incidence and Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor weight were decreased in JH-injected mice. The ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing cells was increased in JH-injected mice. The effective component in JH was fractionized by gel filtration using HPLC and had an approximate molecular weight (MW) of 261. These results suggest that neutrophils induced by JH possess potent antitumor

activity mediated by ROS and the effective immune component of JH is substrate of MW 261.”
“Purpose: This study was performed to investigate whether compression/stretching of the spermatic cord or blunt dissection influences testicular development and fertility. In addition, the authors evaluated whether the extents of testicular damage differ between these 2 surgical manipulations.\n\nMethods: Forty-four prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley Inc, Indianapolis, Ind) were divided into 3 groups: (1) the control group (CG) animals underwent a sham operation in the right groin, (2) the experimental group 1 (EG1) underwent compression/stretching of the right spermatic cord, and (3) the experimental group 2 (EG2) underwent dissection around the right spermatic cord structures. Testicular volumes, weights, mean seminiferous tubular diameters (MSTDs), mean testicular biopsy scores, and numbers of offspring and of pregnant females were evaluated.

\n\nHe was admitted to the pediatric service where nutritional formula feedings were initiated through a nasogastric tube. Weight gain was adequate,

and the hemoglobin, Duvelisib serum albumen, and protein became normal. The rash improved with zinc supplementation. He was transferred to an inpatient feeding disorders unit where a team of occupational therapists implemented a behavioral modification program to overcome his severe food aversion. (J Dev Behav Pediatr 32:264-267, 2011)”
“Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA, which can be selected from random combinatorial library by SELEX in vitro. The SELEX technology has been modified over the years in different ways to become more efficient and less time-consuming, to reach higher affinities of the aptamers and for automation of the process. The multitude of different targets used in SELEX implicates aptamers are possible to be selected using any target theoretically. This paper presents the SELEX technology screening aptamers and its latest progress including modified selection methods (negative SELEX, counter SELEX and substractive SELEX) and efficient selection methods (CE-SELEX, non-SELEX, automated-SELEX and microfluidic SELEX). Additionally, cell SELEX using BKM120 cost whole cells as targets is introduced. Varieties of live pathogenic organisms and many cancer cells have been used as targets for cell SELEX. Finally, an

overview of biomedical applications of aptamers is given. Aptamers as a class of biorecognition elements that possess many advantages such as high specificity and binding affinity, easy synthesis, easy modification, small Selleck Autophagy inhibitor size, non-toxicity and good stability, have been increasingly applied in biomedical field. Especially, the combination of aptamers with nanomaterials will continuously play more and more important roles in many applications such as detection of targets, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, bioimaging, and drugs delivery.”
“AimWe aimed to establish a method to assess systemic and pre-systemic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity using ineffective microgram doses

of midazolam. MethodsIn an open, one sequence, crossover study, 16 healthy participants received intravenous and oral midazolam at microgram (0.001mg intravenous and 0.003mg oral) and regular milligram (1mg intravenous and 3mg oral) doses to assess the linearity of plasma and urine pharmacokinetics. ResultsDose-normalized AUC and C-max were 37.1ngml(-1)h [95% CI 35.5, 40.6] and 39.1ngml(-1) [95% CI 30.4, 50.2] for the microdose and 39.0ngml(-1)h [95% CI 36.1, 42.1] and 37.1ngml(-1) [95% CI 26.9, 51.3] for the milligram dose. CLmet was 253mlmin(-1) [95% CI 201, 318] vs. 278mlmin(-1) [95% CI 248, 311] for intravenous doses and 1880mlmin(-1) [95% CI 1590, 2230] vs. 2050mlmin(-1) [95% CI 1720, 2450] for oral doses. Oral bioavailability of a midazolam microdose was 23.4% [95% CI 20.0, 27.3] vs. 20.9% [95% CI 17.1, 25.5] after the regular dose.

The infection by T. cruzi induces the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from Mu phi, and those ROS significantly inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, thereby leading to the activation of the SAPK/JNK signalling pathway, which is responsible for the observed IFN-gamma-mediated immunoproteasome

synthesis and MHC class GSK1120212 concentration I down-regulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report that specifically identifies a mechanism by which a pathogen achieves immunoproteasome down-modulation.”
“Benign breast disease (BBD) is an established risk factor for breast cancer among Caucasian women but less is known about BBD in African American women. As African American women suffer from dispro-portionate mortality due to breast cancer, special focus on pathologic characteristics that may influence disease risk is warranted.\n\nBenign breast biopsies from African American women were identified by the University Pathology Group (Detroit, MI). African American women of ages 20 to 84 years, who underwent a breast biopsy from 1997 to 2000, were eligible for the study. Subsequent breast cancers were identified through a linkage

with the Detroit Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. The first biopsy was reviewed by the pathologist, AZD1390 datasheet and lesions were classified following Dupont and Page criteria along with involution and other histologic features. Logistic regression was used to estimate

the risk of developing a subsequent breast cancer with the histologic characteristics of BBD.\n\nA total of 1,406 BBD biopsies from African American women were included in this study with a median follow-up of 10.1 years. The majority (68%) showed nonproliferative disease, 29% had proliferative disease without atypia, and 3% had proliferative disease with atypia. Subsequent incident breast cancers occurred in 55 women (3.9%). Women whose biopsies showed proliferative disease with atypia were more than three-fold more likely to develop breast cancer as compared with women who had nonproliferative disease [relative risk (RR) 3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-8.93].\n\nBetter characterization of the risk of breast cancer among women with BBD, considering both ethnicity and detailed selleck inhibitor molecular findings, can lead to better surveillance, earlier diagnosis, and potentially improved survival. Cancer Prev Res; 5(12); 1375-80. (C)2012 AACR.”
“The title compound, potassium nickel(II) digallium tris-( phosphate) dihydrate, K[NiGa2(PO4)(3)(H2O)(2)], was synthesized hydrothermally. The structure is constructed from distorted trans-NiO4(H2O)2 octahedra linked through vertices and edges to GaO5 trigonal bipyramids and PO4 tetrahedra, forming a three-dimensional framework of formula [NiGa2(PO4)(3)(H2O)(2)](-). The K, Ni and one P atom lie on special positions (Wyckoff position 4e, site symmetry 2).

The REE method https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-680(MK-0457).html is based on the correlation between reaction path-independent reaction energies and free energies of a series of analogous reactions. For human peroxiredoxin (Tpx-B), an antioxidant enzyme

that forms a sulfenic acid on one of its active-site cysteines during reactive oxygen scavenging, we found that the reduction potential depends on the composition of the active site and on the protonation state of the cysteine. Interaction with polar residues directs the RSO-/RS- reduction to a lower potential than the RSOH/RSH reduction. A conserved arginine that thermodynamically favors the sulfenylation reaction might be a good candidate to favor the reaction kinetics. The REE method is not limited to thiol sulfenylation, but can be broadly applied

to understand protein redox biology in general. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“A systematic study was undertaken of the EPR of sodium hydroxide solutions of Benzoin, Anisoin and Thenoin in both ethanol and DMSO as well as their corresponding ionised species of varying colours. In all cases, the EPR consist of symmetric spectra, resulting from the generation of a free radical-anion. Furthermore, theoretical DFT methods were applied in order to study the radical anions, revealing the reason for the colour change in the solutions and in the case of benzoin, found to be related to the interaction between the cis and trans-isomers with the molecules in the two solvents. We have defined the structure of the cis-isomer and for the first time we have described how the adduct between the cis-isomer and GDC-0973 ic50 click here the solvent molecule, results in a stable conformer. This corresponds with the EPR results which indicated a significant difference between the cis and trans-isomers. Both the theoretical and experimental results inspired similar descriptions of the significant differences between the cis and trans-isomers in Solution. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The persistence of propanil in soil and aquatic environments along

with the possible accumulation of toxic degradation products, such as chloroanilines, is of environmental concern. In this work, a continuous small-scale bioprocess to degrade the herbicide propanil, its main catabolic by-product, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), and the herbicide adjuvants is carried out. A microbial consortium, constituted by nine bacterial genera, was selected. The isolated strains, identified by amplification and sequencing of their 16S rDNA, were: Acidovorax sp., Luteibacter (rhizovicinus), Xanthomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Variovorax sp., Acinetobacter (calcoaceticus), Pseudomonas sp., Rhodococcus sp., and Kocuria sp. The ability of the microbial consortium to degrade the herbicide was evaluated in a biofilm reactor at propanil loading rates ranging from 1.

T-cell proliferation was determined

by the extent of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye dilution on culture day 5 of PBMCs in the presence of antigen (SEB, PPD, CMVpp65, FG-4592 in vitro GagA and GagD). Samples were analyzed on a FACS Calibur flow cytometer and flow data was analyzed using FlowJo and GraphPad.\n\nResults: Overall, CD4 T-cell proliferation on stimulation with SEB, PPD, CMVpp65, Gag A and Gag D. antigens, was lower among suboptimal than optimal responders; this was significant for SEB (CD4+ p=0.003; CD8+p=0.048) and PPD antigens (CD8+ p=0.038). Among suboptimal responders, T-cell proliferation decreased with increasing immune activation (Negative correlation; slope = -0.13 +/–0.11) but not among optimal responders.\n\nConclusion: T-cell immune activation and exhaustion were associated with poor proliferation among suboptimal responders to HAART despite sustained viral suppression. We recommend studies to further Roscovitine ic50 understand the mechanisms leading to impaired T-cell function among suboptimal

responders as well as the potential role of immune modulation in optimizing CD4 count and functional recovery after HAART.”
“Study design: A prospective study. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the surgery to reconstruct thoracic breathing in patients with high cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Setting: China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China. Methods: The posterior ribs (from the fifth to the eighth) were suspended on the inferior angle of the scapula on each side using titanium

cables, as well as muscles and myofascial tissue in the subscapular area. After the surgery, the patients were trained for synchronous contraction of the trapezius and diaphragm muscles, and electromyography (EMG) was performed to evaluate the synchronization. The clinical symptoms and pulmonary function were assessed within 1 week before surgery and at 2, 12 and 24 postoperative weeks. Results: Six patients with complete high CSCI received rib suspension surgery 84 +/- 26.7 days after spinal cord injury. Before the surgery, all of the patients presented with weakened cough, retention of respiratory Angiogenesis inhibitor secretions and dyspnea, while these symptoms alleviated postoperatively. The vital capacity (VC) was enhanced to be 1680 +/- 282 ml at 2 weeks after the surgery, compared with 1085 +/- 92 ml (P = 0.013). The EMG showed a synchronous muscle electrical activity between the trapezius muscles and diaphragm during deep breaths. Conclusion: The rib suspension surgery partially restored the thoracic breathing of the patients with high CSCI, thereby improving VC, cough and expectoration.”
“Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of long scleral tunnel technique used in Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in preventing tube exposure through conjunctiva.

Also, only small changes in compensatory regrowth were detected. Finally, we did not observe changes in below-ground tissues’ defenses or biomass a week following 50% removal of leaf tissues at either age class or history of damage. Together, these results suggest that in P. lanceolata and perhaps PF-562271 cost other systems, ontogenetic trajectories in plant growth and defenses leading to strong age-dependent induced responses may prevail over herbivore-induced indirect interactions.”
“This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different phases of feed restriction on the metabolism and placental indices of growing heifers inseminated with sexed semen of

one bull and on the birth weights of their calves. Red-Holstein heifers were randomly divided into three groups. C-group animals (N=17) daily received recommended energy and crude protein (standard diet). ER-Group animals (N=14) were fed 60% of recommended energy and crude protein for the first two pregnancy months followed by the standard diet. LR-group animals (N=13) were provided with the standard diet throughout the first seven months and with 60% energy and crude protein for the last two months of pregnancy. Blood metabolites and weights of dams were assessed regularly during pregnancy. Placenta weight, area of Cilengitide cell line placentomes and calves’

birth weights were examined directly after birth. The physiological levels of blood metabolites varied Dibutyryl-cAMP in vitro in

C-group animals during the different pregnancy stages. Both restriction periods resulted in reduced weight gain of the dams. ER-group animals showed a marked compensatory growth during mid-pregnancy. Serum glucose, cholesterol and beta-hydroxybutyrate were lower in ER-group animals compared with C-group animals during early restriction. During late restriction, only non-esterified fatty acids increased in LR-group animals. Placental parameter and calves’ birth weights did not differ between groups. Results indicate only minor effects of a 40% energy and protein restriction during early or late pregnancy in growing heifers on maternal metabolic and placental indices as well as on foetal development, but further studies might show long-term consequences of offspring. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Benzofuranone (BF1) was synthesized and its effects evaluated on mechanical hypersensitivity and paw edema models induced by different agents and on neuropathic pain induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. An attempt was also made to elucidate the mechanism of action. METHODS: Swiss mice were used for the tests. Hypersensitivity was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, bradykinin (BK), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), epinephrine, lipopolysaccharide, or complete Freund adjuvant or by using a neuropathic pain model (evaluated with von Frey filament 0.6 g).

Seroprevalence of leptospirosis was lowest for dogs > 10 years of age but was similar across other age strata.\n\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance-Leptospirosis can affect

dogs of small and large breeds and various ages. Although an increase in proportions of positive MAT results was evident in the fall, monthly and annual variations suggested potential exposure in all months. Because of the limitations of MAT results and the limited number of serovars used in the test, bacterial culture should be used to identify infective Leptospira serovars. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:293-298)”
“The seventh cholera pandemic caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor selleck products (ET) has been superseded in Asia and Africa by altered ET possessing the cholera toxin (CTX) gene of classical (CL) biotype. The CL biotype of V. cholerae was isolated,

along with prototypic and altered ET, during the 1991 cholera epidemic in Mexico and subsequently remained endemic until 1997. Microbiological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of clinical and environmental V. cholerae isolated in Mexico between 1998 and 2008 revealed important genetic events favoring predominance of ET over CL and altered ET. V. cholerae altered ET was predominant after 1991 but not after 2000. V. cholerae strains isolated between 2001 and 2003 and a majority isolated in 2004 lacked CTX prophage (Phi) genes encoding CTX subunits A and B and repeat sequence transcriptional regulators of ET and CL biotypes: i.e., CTX Phi(-). Most CTX Phi(-) V. cholerae isolated in Mexico between 2001 and 2003 also lacked toxin HDAC assay coregulated pili tcpA whereas some carried either tcpA(ET) or a variant tcpA with noticeable sequence dissimilarity from tcpA(CL). The tcpA variants were not detected in 2005 after

CTX Phi(+) ET became dominant. All clinical and environmental V. cholerae O1 strains isolated during 2005-2008 in Mexico were CTX Phi(+) ET, carrying an additional truncated CTX Phi(-) instead of RS1 satellite phage. Despite V. cholerae CTX Phi(-) ET exhibiting heterogeneity in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, CTX Phi(+) ET isolated during 2004-2008 displayed homogeneity and clonal relationship with V. cholerae ET N16961 and V. cholerae ET isolated in Peru.”
“Background and Objective: For decades, stress has been postulated as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis LY3039478 solubility dmso (MS) relapses. Because of conflicting results in previous studies we conducted a prospective study to investigate this relationship in a less studied, Middle Eastern population. Methods: In this prospective study, 57 Iranian MS patients were followed trimonthly for 12 months. Possible stressful events (measured with validated Persian version of Paykel’s questionnaire) and quality of life (measured with validated Persian version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale questionnaire) were assessed in successive visits in addition to other variables.

Despite effective B cell depletion, neither mAb treatment

prevented autoantibody generation. In addition, CD20, CD22, and control mAb-treated NZB/W F-1 mice developed anti-mouse IgG autoantibodies in contrast to parental NZB and NZW strains, which may have reduced the effectiveness of B cell depletion. Despite this, low-dose CD20 mAb treatment initiated in 12-28-wk-old mice, and administered every 4 wk thereafter, significantly delayed spontaneous disease in NZB/W F-1 mice. By contrast, B cell depletion initiated in 4-wk-old mice hastened disease onset, which paralleled depletion of the IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subset called B10 cells. B10 cells were phenotypically

similar in NZB/W F-1 and C57BL/6 mice, but were expanded selleck compound significantly in young NZB/W F-1 mice. Thus, B cell depletion had significant effects on NZB/W F-1 mouse survival that were dependent on the timing of treatment initiation. Therefore, distinct B cell populations can have opposing protective and pathogenic roles during lupus progression. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 4789-4800.”
“Bayesian Inference (BI) and Neighbor joining (NJ) analyses of the phylogenetic relationships between the nucleotide sequences of the N gene of Akabane virus revealed an unclear topology among genogroups I-III, which was probably caused by genetic reassortment or recombination between these genogroups. In contrast, nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic tree analyses of the M RNA segment agreed with NF-��B inhibitor the topologies obtained by using the BI and NJ methods. Therefore, distinct genogrouping of Akabane virus isolates should be performed using the M RNA segment. Four Korea isolates were classified into genogroup II together with Akabane virus strains isolated from all areas of Japan, including

Okinawa Island. However, more nationwide isolates and more clinical data from Korean cattle farms will be required in the future to confirm the precise relationships between genotypes learn more and pathogenicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Myocardial regeneration strategies have been hampered by the lack of sources for human cardiomyocytes (CMs) and by the significant donor cell loss following transplantation. We assessed the ability of a three-dimensional tissue-engineered human vascularized cardiac muscle to engraft in the in vivo rat heart and to promote functional vascularization. Human embryonic stem cell-derived CMs alone or with human endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and embryonic fibroblasts (triculture constructs) were seeded onto biodegradable porous scaffolds. The resulting tissue constructs were transplanted to the in vivo rat heart and formed cardiac tissue grafts.

8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4-4.2, standard deviation [SD]: 3.3).The average length of follow-up was 45.0 months

(95% CI: 41.2-48.9 months, SD: 22.3 months). The EMLP was successful in 95% (217/229), with no further surgery being required. Postsurgical recurrence of disease with persistence of symptoms requiring revision EMLP occurred in 12 patients. No complications were identified. Allergic fungal sinusitis and recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infections were identified as potential risk factors for failure.\n\nConclusionsThis is the single largest study of EMLP in the literature with a long follow-up period. It illustrates the benefit of the EMLP for patients with CRS recalcitrant to medical and standard endoscopic sinus surgery.”
“Conceptual representations find more in long-term memory crucially contribute to perception and action, language and thought. However, the precise nature of these conceptual memory traces is discussed controversially. In particular, the grounding of concepts in the sensory and motor brain systems is the focus of a current debate. Here, we review theoretical accounts of the structure and neural basis of conceptual memory and evaluate them in light of recent empirical evidence. Models of conceptual processing can be distinguished along four dimensions: (i) amodal versus modality-specific, (ii) localist versus distributed, (iii) innate versus experience-dependent,

and (iv) stable versus flexible. A systematic review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies in healthy participants along with brain-damaged LY294002 datasheet patients will then be used to evaluate the competing theoretical approaches to conceptual representations. These findings indicate that concepts are flexible, distributed

representations comprised of modality-specific conceptual features. Conceptual features are stored in distinct sensory and motor brain areas depending on specific sensory and motor experiences during concept acquisition. GSK2118436 supplier Three important controversial issues are highlighted, which require further clarification in future research: the existence of an amodal conceptual representation in the anterior temporal lobe, the causal role of sensory and motor activation for conceptual processing and the grounding of abstract concepts in perception and action. We argue that an embodiment view of conceptual representations realized as distributed sensory and motor cell assemblies that are complemented by supramodal integration brain circuits may serve as a theoretical framework to guide future research on concrete and abstract concepts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.”
“Aim\n\nTo understand the community structure of mountain ungulates by exploring their niche dynamics in response to sympatric species richness.\n\nLocation\n\nLadakh and Spiti Regions of the Western Indian Trans-Himalaya.