SOX10 was diffusely positive in 100% (15/15) of DMs and showed fo

SOX10 was diffusely positive in 100% (15/15) of DMs and showed focal staining in 30% (3/10) of MPNSTs. All other tumors were negative for SOX10 [0% (0/18) of carcinomas, 0% (0/13) of AFXs, 0% (0/20) of sarcomas]. In conclusion, SOX10

is a highly useful marker to confirm the diagnosis of DM. In our study, SOX10 showed 100% sensitivity for DM and SOX10 was negative in all histologic mimics of the dermis/subcutis, including spindle cell carcinoma, AFX and sarcomas. Similar to S-100 protein, some MPNSTs show scattered positivity but did not show diffuse positivity seen in DM.”
“Osteoarthritis is widely believed to result from local mechanical factors C59 Wnt price acting within the context of systemic susceptibility. Previous studies have demonstrated that malalignment is

a potent predictor of disease progression in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Malalignment also mediates the effects of other risk factors, including obesity, quadriceps selleck compound strength, laxity, and stage of disease. Recent studies have had conflicting results regarding whether malalignment increases the risk of incident tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. While the evidence is conflicting, malalignment appears to play a smaller role in incident disease. Certain local factors within the joint, such as tibiofemoral congruence, integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament, and meniscal degeneration and position, appear to play a role in determining alignment. It is also apparent that malalignment changes with disease progression and is itself possibly influenced by structural changes within the joint.”
“The widely differing functions of vitamin D are based both on a wide diffusion of its specific receptor (VDR) and on the ability of many cells, in addition to renal tubular cells, to synthesize calcitriol for autocrine and paracrine functions.

In the last few years, many published

studies have added new insights into some important points on this topic. Recent data suggest that the control of calcitriol synthesis selleck inhibitor at tissue levels other than kidneys might differ greatly from the control system working at the renal level. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which the VDR might mediate either the genomic and nongenomic (rapid) vitamin D-mediated effects became much clearer. However, new evidence accumulated suggests that some additional receptor(s), responsive to vitamin D and different from the VDR, could play a role in the rapid response to vitamin D, probably interfering also with the genomic pathway. In this context, there are new possible interpretations of the mechanisms by which different vitamin D metabolites might express variable activities at different levels.

The accuracy of imputation models was investigated

Vario

The accuracy of imputation models was investigated.

Various scenarios of nonignorable missing data mechanisms were investigated by a sensitivity analysis based on the mixture modelling approach.

Results: The interviews showed that participants were not reluctant to answer the CES-D scale. Possible reasons for nonresponse were identified. The prevalence of hDS among complete responders was 26.1%. After multiple imputation, the prevalence was 28.6%, 29.8% and 31.7% for women presenting up to 4, 10 and 20 missing values, respectively. The estimates were robust to the various imputation models investigated and to the scenarios of nonignorable missing data.

Conclusions: The CES-D scale can easily be used in large cohorts selleckchem see more even in the presence of missing data. Based on the results from both a qualitative study and a sensitivity analysis under various scenarios of missing data mechanism in a population of women, missing data mechanism does not appear to be nonignorable and estimates are robust to departures from ignorability. Multiple imputation is recommended to reliably handle missing data in the CES-D scale.”
“SETTING: Hong Kong Chest Clinics.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To conduct a prospective study investigating the role of a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay,

QuantiFERON (R)-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), in the diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis (TB). The QFT-GIT result was compared with the final confirmed diagnosis after 12 months.

RESULTS: Of 262 smear-negative subjects, 188 had active TB, 167 (88.8%) of whom were QFT-GIT-positive; 74 had inactive/non-TB, 30 (40.5%) of whom were QFT-GIT-negative. The positive (PPV) and negative predictive values for active TB were respectively 79.1% and 58.8%. For this target group with high TB prevalence (71.8%), a positive test increased the chance of active disease by only 7.3%. Despite a positive likelihood

ratio (LR) of 1.49, the negative LR was 0.28, making the diagnosis of active TB much less likely after a negative test. Although sensitivity and Pitavastatin inhibitor specificity showed no difference across different age groups, the PPV decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing age, likely reflecting the increased prevalence of competing diagnoses.

CONCLUSION: In an area with a high prevalence of latent TB infection, a positive QFT-GIT test does not add much to confirm the diagnosis of smear-negative TB, while a negative test indicates a need for further investigation.”
“Background: The occurrence of communicable diseases (CD) depends on exposure to contagious persons. The effects of exposure to CD are delayed in time and contagious persons remain contagious for several days during which their contagiousness varies. Moreover when multiple exposures occur, it is difficult to know which exposure is associated with the CD.

A criteria list was used to assess the methodological quality of

A criteria list was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.

Twenty-six studies were included with a mean quality score of 7.7 (SD = 1.7). The majority of studies had a low methodological quality. Twenty-three studies (88.5 %) focused exclusively on HS and only three studies examined (HR)QOL. However, 34.8 % of the outcomes were labeled as (HR)QOL by the authors, while in fact, HS was assessed. Sex, age, educational level, living situation, and radiocarpal arthritis were associated with HS. In general, no differences were found in HS and

(HR)QOL when comparing different treatment modalities.

The focus of outcome research in DRF is mainly on HS instead of (HR)QOL. HS instruments were often mislabeled as (HR)QOL instruments. With inconclusive results of mostly low-quality studies,

there is a need for high-quality prospective follow-up studies measuring AG-881 order HS and/or (HR)QOL while using the correct terminology.”
“This case report describes Selleck Dinaciclib an unusual maxillary first molar variant of a single fused buccal root canal. This morphology of root canal was further confirmed by spiral computerized tomography and transverse sectioning of contralateral tooth in vitro. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:e68-e73)”
“Bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG)-based two-dimensional (2D) magnetophotonic structures were fabricated on top of opal thin films. Autocloning approach was used to transpose 2D hexagonal symmetry of the opal (111) plane into sputtered Bi:YIG. Resultant 2D patterned Bi:YIG films had two realizations. As-sputtered films had a hemispherical profile of structural elements. These films were additionally etched to

obtain films with a cone profile of scatterers. Optical and magneto-optical spectra of the films demonstrated resonances addressed to diffraction from the patterned Bi:YIG films. Structural parameters of these magneto-optical gratings were found to govern the magnitude of Kerr rotation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3367969]“
“Although colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) has been used extensively in critically ill patients infected Geneticin in vitro with multidrug-resistant organisms, the optimum dosing regimen remains to be determined. Herein, we examined the pharmacokinetics of three different dosing regimens of CMS, 3 million units every 8 h (regimen A), 4.5 million units every 12 h (regimen B), 9 million units every 24 h (regimen C) and evaluated the bactericidal activity of serum containing various concentrations of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mu g/ml. The means +/- SE serum C(max) of colistin for regimens A, B, and C were 3.34 +/- 0.35, 2.98 +/- 0.27, and 5.63 +/- 0.87 mu g/ml, respectively. All serum samples containing colistin >4 mu g/ml (serum concentration/MIC >4) eliminated P.

In this Review, we demonstrate the importance of evaluating bone

In this Review, we demonstrate the importance of evaluating bone from multiple perspectives and hierarchical levels to understand CKD-MBD-related abnormalities in bone quality. Understanding the relationships between variations in material,

structure, microdamage, and mechanical properties of bone in patients with CKD-MBD should aid in the development of new modalities to prevent, or treat, these abnormalities.”
“Background: click here Quantitative T1-mapping is rapidly becoming a clinical tool in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to objectively distinguish normal from diseased myocardium. The usefulness of any quantitative technique to identify disease lies in its ability to detect significant differences from an established range of normal values. We aimed to assess the variability of myocardial T1 relaxation times in the normal human population

estimated with recently proposed Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) T1 mapping technique.

Methods: A large cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 342, 50% females, age 11-69 years) from 3 clinical centres across two countries underwent CMR at Apoptosis inhibitor 1.5T. Each examination provided a single average myocardial ShMOLLI T1 estimate using manually drawn myocardial contours on typically 3 short axis slices (average 3.4 +/- 1.4), taking care not to include any blood pool in the myocardial contours. We established the normal reference range of myocardial and blood T1 values, and assessed the effect of potential confounding factors, including artefacts, partial volume, Vorasidenib supplier repeated measurements, age, gender, body size, hematocrit and heart rate.

Results:

Native myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was 962 +/- 25 ms. We identify the partial volume as primary source of potential error in the analysis of respective T1 maps and use 1 pixel erosion to represent “”midwall myocardial”" T1, resulting in a 0.9% decrease to 953 +/- 23 ms. Midwall myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was reproducible with an intra-individual, intra-and inter-scanner variability of <= 2%. The principle biological parameter influencing myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was the female gender, with female T1 longer by 24 ms up to the age of 45 years, after which there was no significant difference from males. After correction for age and gender dependencies, heart rate was the only other physiologic factor with a small effect on myocardial ShMOLLI T1 (6ms/10bpm). Left and right ventricular blood ShMOLLI T1 correlated strongly with each other and also with myocardial T1 with the slope of 0.1 that is justifiable by the resting partition of blood volume in myocardial tissue. Overall, the effect of all variables on myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was within 2% of relative changes from the average.

Conclusion: Native T1-mapping using ShMOLLI generates reproducible and consistent results in normal individuals within 2% of relative changes from the average, well below the effects of most acute forms of myocardial disease.

Thus, As tainted rice limits required levels of AAs in rice based

Thus, As tainted rice limits required levels of AAs in rice based diets and therefore cannot check details alone fulfill the recommended daily intake (RDI) of AAs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder

in Asians. Although the pathogenesis of melasma is not yet fully understood, there are several hypotheses supporting angiogenetic factors related to some types of melasma.

OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of copper bromide laser in the treatment of Korean women with melasma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical parameters included physician and patient assessment and Melasma Area and Severity Index score. The intensity of pigmentation and erythema was measured using a chromometer. To evaluate histopathologic selleck chemicals changes, punch biopsies from melasma were obtained from four patients. Immunohistochemical

staining for Melan-A, endothelin 1, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antigen of the melasma lesions was observed.

RESULTS Mean MASI score decreased dramatically after treatment. Patients exhibited telangiectatic erythema within the melasma lesion. The values of L* reflecting intensity of pigmentation increased, and the values of a* as the measurement of redness decreased after the treatments. Expression of Melan-A, CD34, endothelin-1, and VEGF decreased after treatment.

CONCLUSION The potential application of an antiangiogenetic laser for the treatment of melasma specially accompanied by pronounced telangiectasia in Asian skin is a possible treatment option.”
“Heat waves have been linked to excess mortality and morbidity, and are projected to increase in frequency and intensity with a warming climate. This study compares exposure metrics to trigger heat wave and health warning systems (HHWS), and introduces a novel multi-level hybrid clustering method to identify potential dangerously hot days. Two-level and three-level see more hybrid clustering analysis as well as common indices used to trigger HHWS, including spatial synoptic classification (SSC), and the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of minimum

and relative minimum temperature (using a 10 day reference period), were calculated using a summertime weather dataset in Detroit from 1976 to 2006. The days classified as ‘hot’ with hybrid clustering analysis, SSC. minimum and relative minimum temperature methods differed by method type. SSC tended to include the days with, on average, 2.5 degrees C lower daily minimum temperature and 5.3 degrees C lower dew point than days identified by other methods. These metrics were evaluated by comparing their performance in predicting excess daily mortality. The 99th percentile of minimum temperature was generally the most predictive, followed by the three-level hybrid clustering method, the 95th percentile of minimum temperature, SSC and others.


“Influences of oxygen partial pressure, P(O2), of ambient


“Influences of oxygen partial pressure, P(O2), of ambient atmosphere and temperature on surface tension of molten silver were

experimentally investigated by an oscillating droplet method using an electromagnetic levitation furnace. We successfully measured surface tension of molten silver within a very wide temperature range of over 550 K under a well-controlled P(O2) atmosphere. Surface tension of pure melt surface, sigma(p), was determined without any contamination mTOR inhibitor such as oxygen adsorption and the reaction between the melt and a measurement device at a P(O2) of less than 10(-12) Pa. When the P(O2) was controlled at 10(2) Pa, the “”boomerang shape”" temperature dependence of surface tension was experimentally observed; surface tension was increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. From these experimental data, the temperature dependence of equilibrium constant for oxygen adsorption was determined using the Szyszkowski

equation. We successfully expressed the surface tension of molten silver as functions of both P(O2) and temperature. Furthermore, the changes in enthalpy and entropy for oxygen adsorption on molten silver were also find protocol estimated.”
“Microbial fouling, or biofouling, is the accumulation of microorganisms onto material surfaces. The goal of this project was to develop low-biofouling polypropylene (PP) films through the functionalization of PP by a spacer arm with metal chelating ligands charged with copper ions. Virgin and modified PP films were put in contact with 3.0 x 10(5) Escherichia coli cells/mL solutions for periods of time varying from 24 to 168 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to verify the functionalization

reactions and monitor copper leaching. Direct counts of cells stained with dsDNA showed, invariably, that the microbial attachment to the modified PP films was an order of magnitune lower than on the virgin PP. Further, over a period of time of 2 weeks, no significant amounts of copper leached from the low-biofouling PP films. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, selleck products Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114:3068-3073,2009″
“Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. However, prior to lineage commitment, genes are primed at low expression levels. Understanding the underlying molecular circuitry in terms of how it governs both a primed state and, at the other extreme, a committed state is of relevance not only to hematopoiesis but also to developmental systems in general. We develop a computational model for the hematopoietic erythroid-myeloid lineage decision, which is determined by a genetic switch involving the genes PU.1 and GATA-1.

Tyrosol galactoside (Tyr), an analog of Sal, was recently synthes

Tyrosol galactoside (Tyr), an analog of Sal, was recently synthesized

in our laboratory. The purpose of the current study was to investigate and compare the neuroprotective effects of Sal and Tyr against focal cerebral ischemia AZD8055 in vivo in vivo and H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Sal and Tyr significantly prevented a cerebral ischemic injury induced by a 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion and a 24 h reperfusion in rats in vivo. Furthermore, the oxidative insult was markedly attenuated by treatments of Sal and Tyr in the cultured rat cortical neurons after a 30 min exposure to 50 mu M of H2O2. Western blot analysis revealed that Sal and Tyr decreased the expression of Bax and restored buy THZ1 the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The neuroprotective effects of these two analogues show that Tyr has a better antioxidative action compared with Sal both in vivo and in vitro, and suggest that the antioxidant

activity of Sal and Tyr may be partly due to their different substituents in their glycosyl groups. This gives a new insight into the development of therapeutic natural antioxidants against oxidative stress.”
“Studies comparing canine distemper virus (CDV) strains from Africa with that of previously described lineages have been hampered due to a lack of field strains for in vitro experiments. Since the attenuation of the Onderstepoort strain in the 1940s, there have not been any reports of CDV isolations in southern Africa. Clinical specimens consisting of whole blood, spleen, lungs, brain and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with clinical signs

compatible with distemper diagnosis were obtained from private veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories. The animals all displayed various catarrhal, systemic, or nervous signs of the disease. One hundred and sixty two specimens from 124 dogs were inoculated into Vero cells expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (Vero.DogSLAM). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of syncytia formation and cell necrosis were observed in 33 (20.4%) specimens within 24 h of inoculation and the presence of CDV was confirmed with the aid of the direct fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy (EM). Four of the CDV-positive dogs had a history of canine BI2536 distemper vaccinations. Seventy three percent of all positive dogs were less than 12 months old. Local isolates of wild-type CDV were generated and we conclude that isolation of CDV using Vero.DogSLAM is a specific and practical method for the antemortem diagnosis of distemper in dogs.”
“Transplant recipients are encouraged to write anonymous thank-you letters to the donor family. We prospectively explored heart transplant recipients’ embodied responses to the ‘obligation’ to write a thank-you letter using audio/video-taped open-ended interviews (N = 27).

Severe wound infection is often characterized by necrotizing skin

Severe wound infection is often characterized by necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infection, including fasciitis and gangrene. V. vulnificus possesses several virulence factors, including the ability to evade destruction by stomach acid, capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxins, pili, and

flagellum. The preferred antimicrobial therapy is doxycycline in combination with ceftazidime and surgery for necrotizing soft-tissue infection. (C) 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Persistently febrile neutropenic children at risk for invasive fungal infections receive empiric antifungal therapy as a standard of care. However, little is known about the role of echinocandins and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) for empiric antifungal therapy in pediatric Selleckchem BMS 345541 patients.

Methods: Patients between the ages of 2 to 17 years check details with persistent fever and neutropenia were randomly assigned to receive caspofungin (70

mg/m(2) loading dose on day 1, then 50 mg/m2 daily [maximum 70 mg/d]) or L-AmB (3 mg/kg daily) in a 2: 1 ratio. Evaluation of safety was the primary objective of the study. Efficacy was also evaluated, with a successful outcome defined as fulfilling all components of a prespecified 5-part composite endpoint. Suspected invasive fungal infections were evaluated by an independent, treatment-blinded adjudication committee.

Results: Eighty-two patients received study therapy (caspofungin 56, L-AmB 26), and 81 were evaluated for efficacy (caspofungin 56; L-AmB 25). Outcomes for safety and efficacy endpoints were similar for both study arms.

Adverse drug-related event rates [95% confidence interval] were similar between the caspofungin and L-AmB groups (clinical 48.2% [34.7-62.0] versus 46.2% [26.6-66.6]; laboratory 10.7% [4.0-21.9] versus 19.2% [6.6-39.4]). Serious drug-related adverse events occurred in 1 (1.8%) of see more caspofungin-treated patients and 3 (11.5%) of L-AmB-treated patients. Overall success rates [95% CI] were 46.4% [33.4-59.5] for caspofungin and 32.0% [13.7-50.3] for L-AmB.

Conclusions: Caspofungin and L-AmB were comparable in tolerability, safety, and efficacy as empiric antifungal therapy for persistently febrile neutropenic pediatric patients.”
“Sparganosis is an infection of humans and animals caused by the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms belonging to the genus Spirometra. Sparganosis has been reported sporadically around the world, and a higher prevalence of the disease occurs in several Asian countries, including South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and China. To date, a total of more than 1000 cases of human sparganosis have been reported in 25 provinces in mainland China.

A final sample was collected at 3 mo

Results: Preoper

A final sample was collected at 3 mo.

Results: Preoperatively, most patients were 25(OH)D deficient (<50 nmol/L) and had secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH. 5 pmol/L). Age, sex, body mass index, season, medical history, and medication use were not associated

with significant differences in preoperative plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. By day 2 there was a large increase in C-reactive protein concentrations (P < 0.001) and a significant Trk receptor inhibitor decrease in 25(OH)D of approximate to 40% (P < 0.001). C-reactive protein, 25(OH)D, and calculated free 25(OH)D had not returned to preoperative concentrations by 5 d postoperatively (all P < 0.001). At 3 selleck mo, 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D remained significantly lower (20% and 30%, respectively; P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D decrease after an inflammatory insult and therefore are unlikely to be a reliable measure

of 25(OH)D status in subjects with evidence of a significant systemic inflammatory response. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:1006-11.”
“Interesting correlation between physicomechanical and in vitro release behavior of diltiazem hydrochloride has been obtained in physically treated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes of widely different molecular weights. Physical treatment could not raise crystallinity in dry state, but some of them show significant postswelled crystallinity and achieves elastomeric character. They also retain lot of equilibrium water,

ideally suited for drug-impregnated https://www.sellecn.cn/products/nec-1s-7-cl-o-nec1.html transdermal patches. In effect, low molecular weight PVA and dimethyl sulfoxide-modified high molecular weight PVA membranes have shown acceptable release of diltiazem hydrochloride when compared with thermally treated high molecular weight PVA membrane. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Background: This study examines 30-year trajectories of heroin and other drug use among men and women who were in methadone maintenance treatment in California in the late 1970s and interviewed in 1978-1981.

Methods: Nearly half (N = 428; 46.8%) of the original study sample (N = 914) was deceased. Of the remaining 486 subjects, 343 (44.3% female) completed a follow-up interview in 2005-2009 (70.6% of those not deceased). Average age at follow-up was 58.3 (SD = 4.9) years for males and 55.0 (SD = 4.1) years for females. Longitudinal data was obtained on their drug use, treatment participation, and criminal justice status over the follow-up period. Trajectory group modeling was used to identify distinctive trajectory groups based on monthly averages of heroin and other drug use per year; group differences were examined.

Results: Four heroin and five alcohol and other drug (AOD) trajectory groups were identified.

Some very preliminary evidence suggests that Gingko biloba may be

Some very preliminary evidence suggests that Gingko biloba may be useful in treating behavioral problems in demented people. It is likely that the absence of regulatory controls on the sale of herbal buy OSI-744 and CAM preparations will foster continued use of these agents and perhaps even accelerated use as the dementia epidemic increases, assuming no imminent breakthroughs in pharmacotherapy.”
“Present work deals with the mercerization of Cannabis indica fibers and their subsequent surface modification

by aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The reaction parameters like time and concentration of the sodium hydroxide for mercerization were optimized. C. indica fibers treated with different silane concentration solutions were subjected to evaluation

of some of their properties like swelling behavior in different solvents, moisture absorbance under different humidity levels, and resistance toward chemicals such as sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. C. indica fibers treated with 2% aminopropyl triethoxysilane solution have been found more resistant toward moisture, water, and chemicals when compared with that of untreated fibers. Morphological, structural changes, thermal stability, and crystallinity of both silane selleck compound treated and mercerized fibers have been studied by SEM, FTIR, TGA, and XRD techniques. Silane treatment has been found to cause decrease in crystallinity but increase in the thermal stability of the fibers. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Purpose see more of review

Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and thromboelastography have acquired increasing importance in patients with severe bleeding and coagulopathy. This article reviews the current opinions regarding their use, with the purpose of

clarifying the ambiguities that exist in dealing with trauma patients.

Recent findings

Recent evidence encourages the early use of rFVIIa and thromboelastography in the severe trauma patient with hemorrhagic shock, as a component of the damage control strategy. rFVIIa may decrease short-term mortality and the rate of required blood components during resuscitation, with no apparent increase in thromboembolic complications. Thromboelastometry enables better and earlier recognition of the coagulopathy accompanying such trauma patients. In patients with traumatic brain injury and coagulopathy, rFVIIa may delay or even halt the need for surgery, with no proven decrease in mortality. In those who needed urgent neurosurgical intervention, rFVIIa may rapidly correct the coagulopathy, enabling earlier and safer surgical intervention.

Summary

Thromboelastometry may guide the medical staff when and to whom rFVIIa could be administered. Evidence also encourages the use of rFVIIa in traumatic brain injury.