65 cm(2)/m(2))

and dysfunctional (EOA(i) < 0.65 cm(2)/m(2)) AVRs were compared.

Results: AVA at CT correlated highly to EOA at TTE (r = 0.93, P < .001) but was significantly larger (1.2 cm(2) +/- 0.4 vs 1.1 cm(2) +/- 0.3, P < .001) than EOA at TTE. In dysfunctional bioprostheses (n = 34), CT results showed a variety of morphologic abnormalities, such as leaflet thickening (n = 9), presumed thrombotic material (n = 6), and leaflet calcification (n = 1). Multidetector CT results demonstrated restriction of leaflet motion indicated by lower OA (64 degrees +/- 5 vs 79 degrees +/- 3, P < .0001) in dysfunctional AVRs than in normally GSK461364 functioning AVRs (n = 11).

Conclusion: Sixty-four-section CT can P005091 help accurately measure AVA in bioprosthetic AVR compared with EOA at TTE. It can also show morphologic abnormalities and reduced leaflet motion in a dysfunctional bioprosthesis, thereby potentially unraveling the mechanism of dysfunction. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“In encephalopathic infants, cerebrospinal fluid hyperglycinemia and elevated cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio are considered pathognomonic of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. To evaluate the significance of cerebrospinal fluid hyperglycinemia

and elevated cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio in acutely encephalopathic infants, a retrospective chart review of all cases of isolated elevation of cerebrospinal fluid glycine levels at Arkansas Children’s Hospital from January 1995 to December 2000 was performed. Twenty-two patients

(14 males) were included. The most common diagnosis was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (n = 8). Nine patients had elevated cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio, which was transient in 7 patients. This study shows that elevated cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio can be encountered in a variety of clinical conditions. The significance of this observation in light of the poor prognosis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and the possible role of glycine in the mechanism of ischemic neuronal injury is addressed.”
“Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by focused femtosecond laser irradiation of PdCl2 dissolved in ethanol. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that Pd NPs show certain crystalline microstructure, and the average AS1842856 diameter is 3.4 nm with narrow size distribution from 2.0 to 6.0 nm. The nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of Pd NPs solution were investigated with nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. The nonlinear absorption of Pd NPs is saturable at low intensity of 3.28 X 10(11) W/m(2) but it is changed to reverse saturable with the intensity increased to 7.96 X 10(11) W/m(2), which accordingly indicates the nonlinear refraction is changed from self-defocusing to self-focusing. The transition of the nonlinear absorption with the increase in pulse intensity is analyzed by an empirical model which includes mostly saturable absorption (SA) and two-photon absorption (TPA).

35 cm; 95% Cl: -0.65, -0.05 cm) and possibly in body weight (-280 g; 95% Cl: -620,5 g). Most importantly, these effects were sustained (although not significantly) in the consecutive 5 y for WC (-0.56 cm; 95% Cl: -108, 0.04 cm) and for body weight (-590 g; 95% Cl: -1005, -130 g), which indicated that physical activity was truly a determinant of body size changes.

Conclusions: An increase in physical activity was associated with a statistically significant lower gain in body weight and in WC, which was maintained during the following 5 y. These findings

support the need for public health programs that promote physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:491-9.”
“Background: Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread malaria parasite. It has a dormant stage in the human liver, LDN-193189 TGF-beta/Smad inhibitor which makes it difficult to eradicate. It is proposed

that a relapse of vivax malaria, besides being genetically determined by the specific strain, is induced by the bites of uninfected vectors.

Presentation of the hypothesis: The dormant stage maximizes the possibility for the parasite to reach the vector for sexual reproduction. The advantage would increase if the parasite was able to detect the presence of a new generation Z-VAD-FMK cost of vectors. The sporozoites function both in the vector and in the human hosts. They invade the cells of the salivary gland in the vector Cyclosporin A cost and the hepatocytes in the human. Some of the sporozoites develop into hypnozoites in the human liver. It is suggested that the hypnozoite activates when it recognizes the same Anopheles specific protein, which it had previously recognized as a sporozoite to invade the salivary gland in the vector. Another possibility is that the hypnozoite activates upon the bodily reaction by the human on a bite by an Anopheles female.

Testing the hypothesis: The

connection between the relapse and a new generation of vectors can be documented by simultaneous monitoring of both parasitaemia in humans and the presence of uninfective/infective vectors in the same area with seasonal malaria transmission. Experimental studies are needed to find the saliva components, which trigger the relapse. Although P. cynomolgi in monkeys also has hypnozoites and relapses, testing with monkeys might be problematical. These live in a reasonably stable tropical environment where relapses cannot easily be linked to vectors. The importance of the trigger increases in unpredictable variations in the vector season.

Implications of the hypothesis: Artificial triggering of hypnozoites would make the medication more effective and resistance against a protein that the parasite itself uses during its life cycle would not develop. In areas with seasonal vivax malaria it could be used locally for eradication.

Additionally, data suggest scarcity in management and evaluation of malaria foci, detection and control of malaria epidemics as well as assignment of emergency sites across different regions of the BLZ945 nmr country. Consequently, massive and substantial investments need to be made at the Ministry of Health to coordinate national malaria control programmes towards achieving determined goals and targets.”
“In this work, a model is presented, which is the basis of a quality control concept for the injection molding process. Contrary to statistical

methods, this model uses physical dependencies of two quality parameters on four influencing parameters. The influences of holding pressure, holding time, melt temperature, and mold temperature on part mass and dimensions are described based on the fundamental material behavior such as pvT-data or energy equation. Furthermore, the influence of viscosity changes is indirectly taken into account using the injection work. Assuming only small deviations of the influencing parameters around an optimized PHA-739358 datasheet operating point, the four parameters are treated as being independent from each other. With this assumption, a product ansatz was chosen

with different functions for each influencing factor. Applying basic algebra, the starting equation was transformed into a form that describes either the change in part mass or characteristic part dimensions as a function of the influencing factors. The final equation for the part mass contains six model parameters, whereas nine model parameters are necessary for the equation for the part length. To obtain those model parameters some systematic experiments are required. Once the parameters are known, the model is able to calculate the change of the target values when the influencing factors vary around the operating point. The www.selleckchem.com/products/pifithrin-alpha.html model was tested experimentally with focus on dimensions using

a plastic cover made of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) grade. For the investigated part geometry and material grade, the process behavior was described well by the model. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011″
“Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), an inherited disease, leads to cyst formation in the kidneys. In this condition, the kidneys are grossly enlarged with multiple cysts that result in kidney failure in a majority of individuals. This condition is also associated with cysts in other organs. Recent research has focused on defects in signaling mediated by the primary cilia as the causative factor in ADPKD. Primary cilia are also present in odontogenic epithelium. Dentigerous cyst also is a developmental cyst whose pathogenesis is controversial. Recent studies have shown that loss of Ptch and Shh signaling pathways are involved in the cystogenesis of dentigerous cyst. The Shh signaling pathway is active in the primary cilia.

Gingival pathology was also examined by means of the Ainamo and Bay Gingival Bleeding Index. O’Leary’s Plaque Index was used to evaluate the level of patient oral hygiene. This data was analyzed to see if it exercised any influence on the mucositis grade suffered during HPCT.

Results: 96,87% of patients suffered some degree of mucositis during their treatment by the Transplant Unit. The grade of mucositis was seen to be influenced by the number of missing teeth (ANOVA p < 0.016) and by the BB-94 DMFS

Index (ANOVA p < 0.038). Although this was not one of the aims of this study, patient age and the administration of colony-stimulating factors were also seen to influence these clinical manifestations.

Conclusions: The state of prior oral health can influence decisively the mucositis suffered during transplantation.”
“Recent controversies over the recommendations BEZ235 nmr for breast cancer screening have created some uncertainty about the best methods of providing this care for women, particularly women at average risk for breast

cancer. This article reviews the current recommendations for breast cancer screening from various national organizations and the scientific data behind these recommendations, and it highlights some of the controversies and the reasons behind the differing viewpoints. This article focuses on providing the obstetrician-gynecologist with evidence-based recommendations for counseling and screening women who are at average and high risk for breast cancer. The ability to identify women at higher risk for breast cancer and the appropriate clinical use of mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, clinical breast examination, and self-breast examination (“”breast self-awareness”") for breast cancer screening in these different populations are discussed. Finally, incorporating specific recommendations for breast cancer screening

in women at average and high risk into practice are included. (Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 1410-21)”
“Background: The prognostic value of occurrence of ischemic stroke in Selleck LY2835219 a patient despite aspirin treatment (aspirin treatment failure) is not known. Our objective was to determine if aspirin treatment failure predicts recurrent ischemic stroke and/or death. Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of data from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) trial and the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Multivariate analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of recurrent stroke and recurrent stroke or death for aspirin treatment failure patients for the duration of available follow-up (3 months for TOAST patients; 12 months for NINDS rt-PA trial patients). Results: The rate of aspirin treatment failure was 40% and 35% among 1275 patients and 624 patients recruited in the TOAST and NINDS rt-PA trials, respectively.

“
“Encapsulation performance of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) produced by whey proteins and maltodextrin were examined for microencapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using spray-drying. CLA was encapsulated using 3 different wall materials containing a single constituent such as whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and maltodextrin (MD), and 4 different MRPs.

For the development of MRPs, ratios of WPC to MD were 1:2 and 1:3, whereas those of WPI to MD were 1:5 and 1:10. CLA and wall material were mixed and homogenized, and then spray-dried. The physical properties of encapsulated CLA powders were characterized by particle size and morphology, zeta-potential, flowability, solubility, and dispersibility. The CLA powders coated with WPI-based MRPs have better encapsulation efficiency, water solubility, and smaller particle size than those coated with WPI, WPC, Vorinostat or MD alone. These encapsulated

CLA powders have a number of possible utilities as ingredients in a variety of foods.”
“We have evaluated the levels and specific profiles of several organohalogenated contaminants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and flame retardants (FRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), novel brominated FRs (NBFRs), and organophosphate FRs (OPFRs), in 47 indoor dust samples collected in 2010 from urban locations from Iasi, Eastern Romania. The dominant contaminants found in the samples were OPFRs (median sum OPFRs 7890 ng/g). Surprisingly. OCPs were

find protocol also measured at high levels (median 1300 ng/g). Except for BDE 209 (median 275 ng/g), PBDEs were present in dust samples at relatively low levels (median sum PBDEs 8 ng/g). PCBs were also measured at low levels (median sum PCBs 35 ng/g), while NBFRs were only occasionally detected, showing see more a low usage in goods present on the Romanian market. The results of the present study evidence the existence of a multitude of chemical formulations in indoor dust. FRs are usually associated to human exposure via ingestion of dust, but other chemicals, such as OCPs, are not commonly reported in such matrix. Although OCPs were found at comparable levels with OPFRs in Romanian dust, OCPs possess a higher risk to human health due to their considerably lower reference dose (RfD) values. Indeed, the OCP exposure calculated for various intake scenarios was only 2-fold lower than the corresponding RfD. Therefore, the inclusion of OCPs as target chemicals in the indoor environment becomes important for countries where elevated levels in other environmental compartments have been previously shown. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To investigate antioxidant efficacy of medicinal plants known to possess anti-aging properties, the herb preparations were fed to 10-month-old rats. The herb preparations included ethanol extracts of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.

From WAXD analysis it has been found that the addition of HAp does not change the hexagonal system of POM in POM/HAp nanocomposites. Moreover, degree of crystallinity of POM increases with an increase of HAp content up to 1.0% and next decreases with an increase HAp content. It

indicates that HAp nanoparticles up to 1.0% content act as effective nucleating sites. Mechanical tests revealed that Young’s modulus increases, BEZ235 research buy whereby, elongation at break and tensile strength decrease with increasing hydroxyapatite concentration. Results of in vitro investigations show that an increase of HAp content in POM nanocomposites facilitates formation of apatite layer on the sample surface and improves in vitro stability POM/HAp nanocomposites. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 2234-2243, 2012″
“Introduction and objectives: Bosentan has proven efficacy in pulmonary hypertension in the short term. Little is known about its effects beyond 2 to 3 years. Our objective was to analyze the efficacy and safety of bosentan in the long term (5 years) in patients treated in our center.

Methods: This retrospective study sequentially analyzed clinical, functional, and

laboratory parameters in a series of patients treated initially with bosentan as monotherapy from 2002 to 2009 click here in a single hospital. Treatment success was defined as survival without clinical worsening that required additional pulmonary vasodilators.

Results: We included 20 patients (70% women, mean age 46 +/- 14 years, 65% congenital heart disease), with a median follow-up of 64 months. One patient required withdrawal of bosentan due to adverse effects.

At 4 months, significant improvements were achieved in hemodynamic, clinical and functional parameters. Clinical and functional benefits persisted at 5-year follow-up. Overall 5-year survival after beginning bosentan therapy was 95% (84%-100%). Treatment success at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 95% (84%-100%), 83% (65%-100%), 78% (58%-98%), 61% (38%-84%), and 41% (16%-66%), respectively. The group with better outcomes had NT-proBNP levels at 1 year <400 pg/mL (P = .013).

Conclusions: In our series, treatment success with bosentan in monotherapy was maintained in 78% at 3-year follow-up and 41% at 5-year follow-up. The group with long-term success showed significantly lower NT-proBNP levels at 1-year follow-up. Survival at 5 Ro-3306 in vivo years in our series was 95%. (C) 2011 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“The purpose of this study was to compare the neuropsychological profile of women with VEEG-confirmed diagnoses of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) with that of an age- and education-matched group of women with left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE). Results indicate that in a relatively homogenous PNES sample, no severe neurocognitive impairments were present, further supporting a psychologically versus neurologically driven pathology of PNES.

Although when using suspended RB the reaction yield was better (62%) the environmental friendly attributes and economical advantages of immobilized systems overcome it.

CONCLUSIONS: The potentiality of this new

kind of sensitizer immobilization was demonstrated and a mechanism based on immobilization of cells was proposed. Furthermore the use of this novel green support presents a greater efficiency and potentially lower costs than the commercial supported RB Sensitox. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Purpose of reviewThe development of the robotic systems has made surgery an increasingly AZD8931 solubility dmso technology-driven field. Since the introduction of the first robotic platform in 2005, surgical practice in South Korea has also been caught up in the global robotic revolution. Consequently, a market focused on improving the robotic systems was created and Korea has emerged as one of its frontrunners. This article reviews the Korean experience in developing various robotic technologies and then Korea’s most recent contributions to the development of new technologies in robotic surgery.Recent findingsThe goal of new technologies in the field of robotic surgery has been to improve on the current platforms by eliminating their disadvantages. The pressing goal is to develop a platform that is less bulky, more ergonomic, and capable of providing

MK-0518 clinical trial force feedback to the surgeon. In Korea, the Lapabot and two new

robotic systems for single-port laparoscopic surgery are the most recent advances that have been reported.SummaryRobotic Etomoxir Metabolism inhibitor surgery is rapidly evolving and Korea has stayed in the forefront of its development. These new advancements in technology will eventually produce better robotic platforms that will greatly improve the manner in which surgical care is delivered.”
“OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which intimate partner violence (IPV), at the levels of the individual and the community, is associated with shortened interbirth intervals among women in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: We analyzed demographic and health survey data from 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Only multiparous women were included in the analysis. Interbirth interval was the primary outcome. Personal history of IPV was measured using a modified Conflict Tactics Scale. Community prevalence of IPV was measured as the proportion of women in each village reporting a personal history of IPV. We used multilevel modeling to account for the hierarchical structure of the data, allowing us to partition the variation in birth intervals to the four different levels (births, individuals, villages, and countries).

RESULTS: Among the 46,697 women in the sample, 11,730 (25.1%) reported a personal history of physical violence and 4,935 (10.6%) reported a personal history of sexual violence.

03, Fisher exact test). The Simple Shoulder Test score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and all visual analog scale scores had improved significantly

(p < 0.01) at the time of the latest follow-up.

Conclusions: Total shoulder arthroplasty with a minimally https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BKM-120.html cemented, all-polyethylene, pegged glenoid implant can yield stable and durable fixation at short to medium-term follow-up (mean, four years).”
“P>A group of selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulating species belonging to the genus Astragalus are known for their capacity to accumulate up to 0.6% of their foliar dry weight as Se, with most of this Se being in the form of Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of the gene that encodes a putative selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) enzyme from the non-accumulator Astragalus drummondii and biochemically compare it with an authentic SMT enzyme from the Se-hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus, a related species that lives within the same native habitat. The non-accumulator enzyme (AdSMT) shows a high degree of homology with the accumulator enzyme (AbSMT) but lacks the selenocysteine methyltransferase activity in vitro, explaining why little or no detectable

levels of MeSeCys accumulation are HIF inhibitor observed in the non-accumulator plant. The insertion of mutations on the coding region of the non-accumulator AdSMT enzyme to better resemble enzymes that originate from Se accumulator species results in increased selenocysteine methyltransferase activity, but these mutations were not sufficient to fully gain the Caspase-independent apoptosis activity observed in the AbSMT accumulator enzyme. We demonstrate that SMT is localized predominantly within the chloroplast in Astragalus, the principal site of Se assimilation in plants. By using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we show that an Ala to Thr amino acid mutation at the predicted active site of AbSMT results in a new enzymatic capacity to methylate homocysteine. The mutated AbSMT enzyme exhibited

a sixfold higher capacity to methylate selenocysteine, thereby establishing the evolutionary relationship of SMT and homocysteine methyltransferase enzymes in plants.”
“It has long been recognized that dyes other than disperse dyes would play a much larger industrial role if they could be applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics at low temperatures. This research is related to a new process for the dyeing of hydrophobic PET with hydrophilic acid dyestuffs. The process is based on low-pressure plasma polymerization using an ammonia/acetylene gaseous mixture, which provides a nanoporous plasma coating containing accessible amine groups. Surface functionalization and crosslinking have been analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

(C) selleck kinase inhibitor 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 3421-3434, 2011″
“Objectives: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains

are an emerging type of diarrheagenic E. coli. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of EAEC in children with diarrhea by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the pCVD432 gene. The presence of virulence genes including aggR, aggA, aafA, aap, and astA was also investigated by PCR, for the differentiation of typical and atypical EAEC strains. We also sought to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated strains.

Methods: Stool samples were collected from 140 children with diarrhea at Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from July 2007 to May 2008. The specimens were cultured for E. coli, which was identified using standard methods. E. coli strains were screened for EAEC by PCR and HeLa cell line adherence MDV3100 supplier methods. For each sample, five single colonies (700 E. coli strains) from original MacConkey plates were examined for pCVD432, aggR, aggA, aafA, aap, and astA genes using PCR. The EAEC adherence patterns were examined by HeLa cell adherence method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: Overall, 15 (10.7%) EAEC strains were

identified in 140 diarrhea cases by PCR. Out of these isolates, EAEC were detected in 13 (86.7%) by the HeLa cell assay. The aggR regulon was present in 11 (73.3%) strains. Several different combinations Epigenetic signaling pathway inhibitors of the virulence markers were found among the EAEC isolates. The most prevalent (20%) combination was aggR-aap-astA. The EAEC isolates

exhibited resistance to ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), cephalothin (78.6%), co-trimoxazole (71.4%), tetracycline (64.3%), and nalidixic acid (57.1%) and reduced resistance to ciprofloxacin (42.9%) and norfloxacin (7.1%).

Conclusions: EAEC is a diarrheal pathogen of emerging importance. Correlation between pCVD432 PCR and the HeLa cell line assay was confirmed in children with diarrhea. In comparison to the assay for aggregative adherence, the EAEC PCR has been found to be simple and specific in many epidemiological studies. The typical EAEC (73.3%) strains (with pCVD432 and aggR genes) identified in this study were heterogeneous with respect to virulence genes. This study also showed that EAEC isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, which are the most commonly used antibiotics in our area. (C) 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder worldwide, and it has an enormous socioeconomic impact both in the United States and throughout the world.

In the Delphi study, all members of selleck chemicals the Royal College of Nursing (UK), Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Forum (n = 1444) were invited to participate. Data were collected in three sequential rounds of postal questionnaires. Research topics identified in round 1 were used to compile subsequent questionnaires.

Key Results:

A final list of 33 research priorities was identified. Clear research themes emerged from the data including chemotherapy, psychosocial issues and information giving, psychological support needs of nurses, ethical considerations and palliative care, nurse-led services and guidelines.

Conclusions: Results show both similarities and differences to priorities identified in previous haemopoietic stem cell transplant and cancer nursing studies. Further exploration of priority areas is required but priorities identified in this study provide a good starting point for further exploration and development of research programmes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Despite the important role that insulin plays in the human body, very little is known about its presence

in human milk. Levels rapidly decrease during the first few days of lactation and then, unlike other serum proteins of similar size, achieve comparable levels to those in serum. Despite Compound C mw this, current guides for medical treatment suggest that insulin does not pass into milk, raising the question of where the insulin in milk originates. Five mothers without diabetes, 4 mothers with type 1, and 5 mothers with type 2 diabetes

collected milk samples over a 24-hour period. Samples were analysed for total and endogenous insulin content and for c-peptide content. All of the insulin present in the milk of type 1 mothers was artificial, and c-peptide levels were 100x lower than in serum. This demonstrates that insulin is transported into human milk at comparable concentration to serum, suggesting an active transport mechanism. The role of insulin in milk is yet to be determined; however, buy AZD5363 there are a number of potential implications for the infant of the presence of artificial insulins in milk.”
“Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of various antimicrobial agents were measured against 12 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from children with invasive infections between 2003 and 2012. The patients ranged in age from 1 day to 15 years, with patients younger than 5 years, including three neonates, accounting for a half of the patients. The disease was sepsis in four patients, skin and soft tissue infection in three patients, retropharyngeal abscess in two patients, pneumonia plus sepsis in one patient, empyema in one patient, and pyogenic arthritis in one patient. One patient with sepsis died, while cure without sequelae was achieved in all the remaining patients. When classified by type, emm1 (six strains) was the most prevalent type, followed by emm12 (two strains).