We excluded patients with prostate cancer and those with concomitant prostate biopsies. Serum PSA levels were measured before and after the procedure at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Results: The median preoperative PSA level was 4.50ng/mL; it decreased to 2.41ng/mL at 1 month (47% reduction), 2.17ng/mL at 6 months (52% reduction), 2.30ng/mL at 1 year (49% reduction), 2.40ng/mL at 2 years (47% reduction), 2.31ng/mL at 3 years (49% reduction), and 2.54ng/mL at 4 MLN4924 clinical trial years (44% reduction) (P values were all <0.0001). The median PSA nadir at 6 months was significantly different from the median PSA level at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years (respectively P=0.0046, P=0.0017, P=0.0006, and P=0.01).

Patients who received 3000J/cc had a significant trend to a PSA reascension after 6 months. Patients who received 4000J/cc did not show any significant PSA reascension during the 4 years after procedure. Energy was correlated with the PSA reascension in univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The PSA level significantly decreased by half 1 month after the procedure, reached its nadir at VX-680 Cell Cycle inhibitor 6 months, and showed a slight progressive reascension during the 4 following years. Applying an energy rate 4000J/cc of prostate induced PSA stability over time whereas energy 3000J/cc induced a reascension of the

PSA level after 6 months.”
“Objective: Ten children with pressure-dependent postcricoid masses (PDPCM) previously referred to in the literature as hemangiomas or vascular malformations are presented. We propose these lesions represent an anatomic variant. We review previously reported

cases, and report the presentation, diagnosis, and management of the patients in our series, the largest series to date.

Methods: Ten patients, aged five weeks to nine months, were diagnosed, and treated or observed. selleck chemicals Of the patients undergoing intervention, one was treated with a gastrostomy tube, fundoplication, and Propranolol therapy; and the other with CHARGE association underwent a tracheotomy.

Results: No PDPCMs demonstrated significant interval change in size or appearance, and eight of ten patients did well with observation.

Conclusion: Based on current information, the majority of PDPCMs likely represent an anatomic variant rather than a hemangioma or vascular malformation. Diagnosis is most readily made with awake flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Because the incidence of synchronous airway pathology is high, direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy without routine biopsy is recommended for symptomatic patients. Imaging should be individualized and may be helpful for ambiguous cases. Although numerous treatment modalities have been advocated based on the presumptive diagnosis of a hemangioma, treatment of PDPCMs is not necessary in the majority of cases, as most patients may be safely observed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The follow-up intervals and recommendations were in line with national guidelines. The specialists were supportive of sharing follow-up care with primary-care physicians, breast physicians and breast-care nurses. Most professionals felt that JNJ-26481585 in vivo a survivorship care plan would improve care and said they would use a proforma.

Conclusion:

The oncologists felt that follow-up care was an important part of their role and they were supportive

of the concepts of shared care programs and a survivorship care plan. Input from consumers is required to evaluate the acceptability of these alternative models and to assess ways of implementing these changes to work towards a more comprehensive and sustainable method of delivering survivorship care.”
“PURPOSE: To assess corneal asphericity (Q) and evaluate potential factors influencing the shape of the anterior corneal surface.

SETTING: Medical Optics Research Group, Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional consecutive p53 inhibitor study, 3 topographic measurements were taken. Eyes were grouped by age in years (A: <= 29; B: 30 to 39; C: 40 to 49; D: 50 to 59; E:

60 to 69; F: >= 70), sex, and refraction.

RESULTS: The study comprised 487 eyes (205 men, 288 women; age 17 to 81 years). The mean Q of the anterior corneal surface was -0.22 +/- 0.14 (0) overall, -0.21

+/- 0.12 in Group A, -0.25 +/- 0.11 in Group B, -0.21 +/- 0.15 in Group C, -0.23 +/- 0.14 in Group D, -0.19 +/- 0.17 in Group E, -0.20 +/- 0.15 in Group F, -0.23 +/- 0.13 in men, -0.21 +/- 0.14 in women, -0.19 +/- 0.14 in hyperopes (n = 166; > + 0.50 to + 6.50 diopters [D]), -0.23 +/- 0.13 in emmetropes (n = 162; -0.50 to + 0.50 D), and -0.23 +/- 0.15 in myopes (n = 165; <-0.50 to -8.00 D). There was no significant correlation between Q and age; Q differed significantly between men and women (P = .005), hyperopes and emmetropes (P<.0001), and hyperopes and myopes (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS: There were high interindividual variations in the Q value. Thus, proper correction of spherical aberration selleck chemicals with intraocular lenses (IOLs) requires sophisticated selection of the asphericity of IOL surfaces based on biometric data and individual corneal Q values.”
“Objective-To evaluate the effects of IM administration of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) on plasma total thyroxine (T-4) concentrations in euthyroid ferrets.

Design-Evaluation study.

Animals-25 healthy neutered ferrets (14 female and 11 male) of various ages from 2 populations (laboratory ferrets from Georgia and pet ferrets from Pennsylvania).

Procedures-Each ferret underwent a physical examination and standard hematologic testing to ensure it was healthy and had clinically normal thyroid function.

“
“The aim of the present study was to introduce an alternative way for insects control through biodegradable plants materials. The different cold water extracts dilutions of Acacia modesta and Glycyrrhiza glabra were tested against Tribolium castaneum. The extracts dilutions of both plants Selleckchem SB525334 caused mortality of the Tribolium castaneum. ANOVA revealed that dilutions and plants were highly significant. The interaction between plants and dilutions was

also significant at P < 0.05. Phytotoxic activity showed that dilutions of Acacia modesta and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts significantly inhibited the growth of Lemna minor. ANOVA showed that dilutions of both plants extracts were significant at P < 0.05.”
“Hypnotic effects of melatonin and melatoninergic drugs are mediated via MT(1) and MT(2) receptors, especially those in the circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which acts on learn more the hypothalamic sleep switch. Therefore, they differ fundamentally from GABAergic hypnotics. Melatoninergic agonists primarily favor sleep initiation and reset the circadian clock to phases allowing persistent sleep, as required in circadian rhythm sleep disorders. A major obstacle for the use of melatonin to support sleep maintenance in primary

insomnia results from its short half-life in the circulation. Solutions to this problem have been sought by developing prolonged-release formulations of the natural hormone, or melatoninergic drugs of longer half-life, such as ramelteon, tasimelteon and agomelatine. With all these drugs, improvements of sleep are

statistically demonstrable, but remain limited, especially in primary chronic insomnia, so that GABAergic drugs may be indicated. Melatoninergic agonists do not cause next-day hangover and withdrawal effects, or dependence. They do not induce behavioral changes, as sometimes observed with z-drugs. Despite otherwise good tolerability, the use of melatoninergic drugs in children, adolescents, and during pregnancy has been a matter of concern, and should be avoided in autoimmune diseases and Parkinsonism. Problems and limits of melatoninergic Mizoribine hypnotics are compared.”
“Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and accounts for approximately 600,000 deaths annually. Work over the last decades has uncovered a number of tumor-suppressor and oncogenes which are frequently mutated and might thus be responsible for the malignant transformation. However, only with the development of new high-throughput technologies systematic analyses of the genome and epigenomes became feasible. While data generation has increased exponential, we are now faced with new challenges to transform these data into useful models that help predicting the outcome of genomic aberrations and to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

6 years (range 0-17). Logistic regression analysis with Cox models was applied. Out of the 468 cases, A beta was detected in 197 (42%) cortical biopsies, and

together with HP tau in 44 (9%). A beta alone indicated increased risk of AD and with HP tau probable AD, but it did not affect survival. Vascular aetiology was the most frequent cause of death. Cortical biopsy findings indicate that NPH is at present a heterogeneous syndrome and has notable overlapping with AD. Brain biopsy did not predict survival but may open a novel research window to study the pathobiology of neurodegeneration. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Acrocomia aculeata, or macaw palm, is a highly productive oleaginous check details palm tree with the potential to be a new oil crop. Plant productivity is influenced by the exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere. The assimilation of CO2 is dependent on both environmental factors and the intrinsic characteristics Anlotinib mouse of the leaf, such as age, position in the canopy, and nutrient and pigment content.

This study was conducted to characterize some ecophysiological aspects of macaw palm cultivated under field conditions. Foliar content and gas exchange parameters were analyzed in relation to diel variation, light intensity, and the position within the canopy and rachis. The evolution of photosynthesis and related variables during the daytime followed the standard https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1480.html patterns for most species with C3 metabolism, reaching peak levels during the morning hours. The light curve response also displayed a C3 pattern; however, this species demonstrated a high photosynthetic capacity

with a maximum net photosynthesis and apparent quantum efficiency of approximately 23 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and 0.07 mol/mol, respectively. Gas exchange parameters of the fronds along the canopy varied according to the leaf position and the leaflet’s insertion location within the rachis. Overall values indicate that the second and third leaves and the leaflets in the middle of the rachis have the best physiological capacity. Foliar pigment and mineral content were relatively stable among the leaves, which is a pre-requirement for long lasting leaves. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Methyl 1-aryl-3-benzoyl-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates reacted with 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione to give methyl 11-aryl-12-benzoyl-9-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3,5,10-trioxo-4,6,8,11-tetraazatricyclo[7.2.1.0(2,7)]dodec-2(7)-ene-1-carboxylates which underwent thermal recyclization to 1-aryl-3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-1′,3′-dimethylspiro[pyrrole-2,5'-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine]-2′,4′,5,6′(1H,1′H,3′H,7′H)-tetraones.”
“Background: The aim of the present study is to examine the clinical indices related to cardiovascular risk management of Greek patients with type 2 diabetes, before and after the major economic crisis that emerged in the country.

7 +/- 1.9 weeks. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1838705a.html Baclofen was started at a postnatal age of 86.4 +/- 33.6 days. Comparison of Modified Ashworth Scale scores after initiation

of therapy to prebaclofen scores demonstrated no significant decrease in muscle tone. Results of our study show that there is no overall decrease in tone during oral baclofen therapy in hypertonic preterm neonates.”
“Strawberry (Fragariaxananassa Duch), a fruit of economic and nutritional importance, is also a model species for fleshy fruits and genomics in Rosaceae. Strawberry fruit quality at different harvest stages is a function of the fruit’s metabolite content, which results from physiological changes during fruit growth and ripening. In order to investigate strawberry fruit JQ1 cell line development, untargeted (GC-MS) and targeted (HPLC) metabolic profiling analyses were conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to explore the non-polar and polar metabolite profiles from fruit samples at seven developmental stages. Different cluster patterns and a broad range of metabolites that exerted influence on cluster formation of metabolite profiles were observed. Significant changes in metabolite

levels were found in both fruits turning red and fruits over-ripening in comparison with red-ripening fruits. The levels of free amino acids decreased gradually before the red-ripening stage, but increased significantly in the over-ripening stage. Metabolite correlation and network analysis revealed the interdependencies of individual see more metabolites and metabolic pathways. Activities of several metabolic pathways, including ester biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the shikimate pathway, and amino acid metabolism, shifted during fruit growth and ripening. These results not only confirmed published metabolic data but also revealed new insights

into strawberry fruit composition and metabolite changes, thus demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a functional genomics tool in characterizing the mechanism of fruit quality formation, a key developmental stage in most economically important fruit crops.”
“We demonstrate a procedure for measuring the thermal conductivity of non-ideal thin-films with significant non-uniformity. By spatially mapping the thermal transport with time-domain thermoreflectance measurements, followed by statistical analysis, we determined the thermal conductivity of Cu composite films containing dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The thermal conductivity of the composite decreased from 188 to 60 W/m K as 1.8 wt. % of multi-walled CNTs was incorporated into nanocrystalline Cu. We compared the decreasing trend with that calculated from a scattering model to find out that the CNTs scatter the heat carriers in Cu. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562519]“
“In many angiosperm species, populations are reproductively subdivided into distinct sexual morphs including females, males and hermaphrodites. Sexual polymorphism

is maintained by frequency-dependent selection, leading to predictable sex ratios at equilibrium. Charles Darwin devoted much of his book ‘The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species’ (1877) to investigating plant sexual polymorphisms and laid the foundation for many problems addressed today by integrating selleck kinase inhibitor theory with empirical studies of the demography and genetics of populations. Here, we summarize our recent work on the ecological and genetic mechanisms influencing variation in sex ratios and their implications for evolutionary transitions among sexual systems. We present the results of a survey of sex ratios from 126 species from 47 angiosperm

families and then address two general problems using examples from diverse angiosperm taxa: (i) the mechanisms governing biased sex ratios in dioecious species; (ii) the origins and maintenance of populations composed of females, males and hermaphrodites. Several themes are emphasized, including the importance of non-equilibrium conditions, the role of life history and demography in affecting sex ratios, the value of theory for modelling the dynamics of sex ratio variation, and the utility of genetic markers for investigating evolutionary processes in sexually polymorphic

plant populations.”
“Oligoethers containing electroactive carbazolyl, learn more indolyl or 2-phenylindolyl fragments were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The oligomers represent FK228 molecular weight amorphous materials of high thermal stability with glass transition temperatures of 107-161 degrees C. The electron photoemission spectra of layers of the synthesized oligomers showed ionization potentials of 5.9-5.95 eV. Some of the derivatives were tested as host materials in phosphorescent OLEDs with iridium(III) [bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2']picolinate as the guest. The device based on oligomer containing carbazolyl fragments exhibited the best overall performance with a turn-on voltage of 3.5 V, maximum power efficiency of 4.1 lm/W and maximum brightness of 937 cd/m(2). (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 908-913, 2011″
“We report upon a theoretical study of collective magnonic modes in pairs of magnetic nano-elements with quasi-uniform magnetization. The mode spectrum and character are numerically computed for an individual isolated nano-element and then used to analytically calculate the splitting of the modes due to the inter-element magneto-dipole interaction.

0% in 2007 to 32.6% in 2011. The proportion of the population that underwent CPR training within the previous 2 years increased significantly from 26.9% to 49.0%. The factors most related

with intention of bystander CPR were male gender, younger age, CPR awareness, recent CPR training, and qualified CPR learning. In 2011, 75.8% of respondents were more willing to perform bystander CPR for stranger vs. 68.3% in 2007 (p = 0.002). Additional dispatcher hands-only CPR increased this proportion (85.8%, p < 0.001). However, bystander CPR experience rates remained unchanged (3.6-3.9%).

Conclusion: Changes in nationwide CPR policies and systemic factors affected citizens’ awareness and willingness to perform bystander Selisistat CPR. Additionally, applied Screening Library molecular weight dispatcher hands-only CPR and publicity increased public willingness to perform bystander CPR. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A large number of risk alleles have been identified for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how genetic variations may affect pathogenesis remains largely unknown for most risk alleles. Through direct sequencing of CD24 promoter region, we identified a cluster of 7 new single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CD24 promoter. A hypermorphic haplotype consisting of 3 SNPs was identified through association studies consisting of 935 control and 764 MS patients (P=0.001,

odds ratio 1.3). The variant is also associated with more rapid progression of MS (P=0.016, log rank test). In cells that are heterozygous for the risk allele, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that risk allele specifically bind to a transcription factor SP1, which is selectively required for the hypermorphic promoter activity of the variant. In MS patients, the CD24 transcript levels associate with the SP1-binding variant in a dose-dependent manner (P=7×10(-4)). Our data revealed a potential role for SP1-mediated transcriptional regulation in MS pathogenesis.”
“Background and Purpose: Current Proteasome inhibitor guidelines recommend routine second transurethral resection (TUR) for accurate diagnosis and to prevent understaging of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We evaluated the diagnostic

accuracy of immediate second resection of the tumor bed during initial TUR and its prognostic significance.

Patients and Methods: Patients (n = 126) undergoing TUR were prospectively randomized to undergo (n = 63) or not undergo (n = 63) immediate second resection of the tumor bed after complete TUR. Second resection was repeated until muscularis propria (MP) was identified in the specimen and the depth of tumor invasion was inspected. The results of second resection were compared with final pathology results for diagnostic accuracy. Recurrence and progression rates were compared in the two groups, and factors affecting recurrence were evaluated.

Results: Patient age, sex distribution, number of tumors, pathologic T stage and grade were similar in the groups.

Aquatic habitats in the 3 villages representing planned rice cultivation (Mbui Njeru), unplanned selleck chemical rice cultivation (Kiamachiri) and non-irrigated (Murinduko) agro-ecosystems were sampled every 2 weeks to generate stage-specific estimates of mosquito larval densities, relative abundance

and diversity. Records of distance to the nearest homestead, vegetation coverage, surface debris, turbidity, habitat stability, habitat type, rice growth stage, number of rice tillers and percent Azolla cover were taken for each habitat.

Results: Captures of early, late instars and pupae accounted for 78.2%, 10.9% and 10.8% of the total Anopheles immatures sampled (n = 29,252), respectively. There were significant differences in larval abundance between 3 agro-ecosystems. The village with ‘planned’ rice cultivation had relatively lower Anopheles larval densities compared to the villages where ‘unplanned’ or non-irrigated. Similarly, species composition and richness was higher in the two villages with either ‘unplanned’ or limited rice cultivation, an indication of the importance of land use patterns on diversity of larval habitat types. Rice fields and associated canals were the most productive habitat types while water pools and puddles were important for

short periods during the rainy season. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that presence of other invertebrates, percentage Azolla cover, distance to nearest homestead, depth and water turbidity were the best predictors for Anopheles mosquito larval abundance.

Conclusion: selleck chemicals llc These results suggest that agricultural practices have significant influence on mosquito species diversity and abundance and that certain habitat characteristics favor production of malaria vectors. These factors should be considered when implementing larval control strategies which should be targeted based on habitat Akt inhibitor productivity and water management.”
“Torticollis can be either congenital or acquired. Acquired torticollis is often

the manifestation of an underlying central nervous system disorder. Acute painless torticollis should always raise suspicion of a posterior fossa tumor. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system involving the subcortical white matter, and to a lesser extent, the gray matter. The illness typically has a monophasic course characterized by a variable combination of fever, headache, meningismus, seizures, spasticity, cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, and psychosis. The course, although often clinically severe, is generally benign with most children making a full recovery. A toddler presenting with subacute painless torticollis as the only manifestation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is described. The authors believe the neck twist in this child represented a form of dystonia because of basal ganglia involvement.

In this study, DFNB1 children who use cochlear implants show greater gains in expressive language than non-DFNB1 children,

independent of residual hearing, age at implantation, and duration of implant use.”
“Pneumocephalus is an exceedingly rare complication associated with neurological deficit in cases of frontoethmoid osteoma. The overarching management strategy for affected patients remains undefined. We describe the case of a 61-year-old female patient presenting with frontoethmoid selleck inhibitor osteoma manifesting as profound intraparenchymal pneumocephalus and associated neurological deficit, treated through a minimally invasive combined surgical strategy involving image-guided burr hole decompression of the pneumocephalus followed by transnasal endoscopic removal of the tumor. Using this approach, the patient rapidly recovered full neurologic function. We review the existing literature and, given the likely intraparenchymal location of pneumocephalus associated with these lesions with the potential of rapid clinical deterioration, recommend aggressive surgical management. Although these lesions can be removed from a purely endoscopic approach, we recommend

burr-hole decompression of the pneumocephalus as an adjunct to ensure prompt resolution of the neurologic symptoms.”
“Background: Late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is frequently used to evaluate myocardial viability, estimate Selleckchem KU-55933 total infarct size and transmurality,

but is not always straightforward is and contraindicated in patients with renal failure LDC000067 because of the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. T2- and T1-weighted CMR alone is however relatively insensitive to chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in the absence of a contrast agent. The objective of this manuscript is to explore T1 rho-weighted rotating frame CMR techniques for infarct characterization without contrast agents. We hypothesize that T1 rho MR accurately measures infarct size in chronic MI on account of a large change in T1 rho relaxation time between scar and myocardium.

Methods: 7Yorkshire swine underwent CMR at 8 weeks post-surgical induction of apical or posterolateral myocardial infarction. Late gadolinium enhanced and T1 rho CMR were performed at high resolution to visualize MI. T1 rho-weighted imaging was performed with a B-1 = 500 Hz spin lock pulse on a 3 T clinical MR scanner. Following sacrifice, the heart was excised and infarct size was calculated by optical planimetry. Infarct size was calculated for all three methods (LGE, T1 rho and planimetry) and statistical analysis was performed. T1 rho relaxation time maps were computed from multiple T1 rho-weighted images at varying spin lock duration.

Results: Mean infarct contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in LGE and T1 rho CMR was 2.8 +/- 0.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.1.

This methodology is useful for nitration of activated aromatic compounds. In this procedure, the work-up is very easy, and the spent polymeric reagent can be regenerated and reused. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 582-588, 2011″
“Conduction measurements with simultaneous observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on a thin NiO film, which is a candidate material for resistance random access memories

BAY 57-1293 in vivo (ReRAMs). To conduct nanoscale experiments, a piezo-controlled TEM holder was used, where a fixed NiO sample and a movable Pt-Ir counter electrode were placed. After the counter electrode was moved to make contact with NiO, I-V measurements were carried out from any selected nanoregions. selleckchem By applying a voltage of 2 V, the insulating NiO film was converted to a low resistance film. This phenomenon may be the “”forming process”"

required to initialize ReRAMs. The corresponding TEM image indicated a structural change in the NiO layer generating a conductive bridge with a width of 30-40 nm. This finding supports the “”breakdown”" type forming in the so-called “”filament model”" of operation by ReRAMs. The inhomogeneity of resistance in the NiO film was also investigated. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3553868]“
“Background: In the province of Quebec, Canada, pneumococcal conjugate

vaccine (PCV) is offered to all children aged less than 5 years, and a 2 + 1 schedule (2, 4, and Selleckchem GS-9973 12 months) is recommended for low-risk infants, with other schedules including a lower number of doses for older children.

Objective: To estimate PCV effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Methods: IPD cases in children aged 2-59 months and reported during the years 2005-2007 were eligible and uninfected controls were randomly identified in the provincial health insurance registry. Parents were interviewed by telephone and immunization records were reviewed. The PCV effectiveness was computed using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: 180 IPD cases (60.4% of total reported) and 897 controls were included. Predictors of IPD risk were age, season, high-risk medical conditions, day-care attendance, and low family income. Overall PCV protection (>1 dose) against IPD caused by any serotype was 60% (95% CI: 38%-75%), and was 92% (83%-96%) against IPD caused by vaccine serotypes. Among low-risk children who received the recommended 2 + 1 schedule, 6 cases of vaccine failure occurred after the first dose, 1 case after the second dose, and no cases after the booster dose.

Conclusion: These results confirm the effectiveness of PCV after 2 and 3 doses.